HIV-1 GENE EXPRESSION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Productive HIV-1 infection of the CNS is chiefly detectable in perivascular macrophages and microglia.48-49 Although HIV-1 infection of astrocytes has also been documented,50-53 this seems to be restricted to the expression of mRNA transcripts and protein of the HIV-1 early genes Tat, Nef, and Rev, without production of progeny virus.
Several groups have demonstrated the presence of HIV-1-encoded transcripts and proteins in the PNS.54-61 However, HIV-1 replication in peripheral nerves seems to be sparse and restricted to the macrophage cell population. Productive HIV-1 infection of neurons has not been convincingly demonstrated in either the CNS or the PNS. Although latent proviral HIV-1 infection of neurons has been demonstrated in brain tissue from AIDS patients62-63 and in DRG tissue from HIV-SN patients,54 other groups have failed to confirm these Andings.58-59-61-64
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