SUMMARY
The HIV envelope gp120 is a complex glycoprotein that is crucial to the function of HIV. The glycoprotein has an intricate structure that allows for efficient binding to the host receptors CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4, yet it is protected from host-neutralizing antibodies.
The gp120 seems to be designed to accommodate host cell infection with the gp41 transmembrane portion that facilitates cell entry. In addition, the gp120 can proficiently signal death to a bystander CD4+ or CD8+ T cell by simply binding only one of the receptors while not infecting the cell. Moreover, it can signal death to a bystander nonimmune cell, such as a neuron or hepatocyte, by simply binding a CXCR4 receptor in the cell’s surface. Thus far, attempts to completely block the gp120 binding or stop its effects by targeted vaccines have proven ineffective in humans. HIV has clearly developed an effective shield that will require more research and time to conquer.REFERENCES
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