[Abu Usama:] Abu 'Abd Allah said, “None of the children of Adam is in need of anything for which a standard has not already been estab­lished by God and His Messenger (may God's prayer and peace be upon him and his Family).

أبواسامة عن أبي عبد هللا قال: ما من شيء يحتاج إله أحد من ؤلدآدم إلاوقد جرت فيه من هللا ومن رسوله — صلى الله عله وآل وسلم — سنة، عرفها من عرفها وأتكرها من أتكرها.^[593]

[Abu Usama:] Abu 'Abd Allah said, “None of the children of Adam is in need of anything for which a standard has not already been estab­lished by God and His Messenger (may God's prayer and peace be upon him and his Family).

حنان ين سديرعن أبي عبد الله قال: سألى ان غبرمة: ما تقول في السامة في الدم؟ فأجبته بما صنع الي — صلى هللا عله وآل وسلم.

[Hanan b. Sadir:] Abu 'Abd Allah said, “Ibn Shubruma asked me, ‘What is your position on qasama^[595] in cases of homicide?' I answered him with reference to the practice of the Prophet (may God's prayer and peace be upon him and his Family). He said, ‘Had the Prophet (may God's prayer and peace be upon him and his Family) not done that, what do you think the answer would be?' I said to him, As for what the Prophet (may God's prayer and peace be upon him and his Family) did, I have already told you about it. As for what he did not do, I have no knowledge of that.'”

منصور ين حازم قال: كنت عند أبي عبد الله فأتاه رجل فسأله عن رجل تزوج امرأة...

[Mansur b. Hzim:] I was with Abu 'Abd Allah when someone approached him asking about [an issue regarding] a man who mar­ried a woman... [He answered it]. I said, “May I be made your ransom! The Shia have always taken pride in 'Ah's judgment in this case. So what is your position on it?” He said, “O shaykh! You tell me of 'Ali's judgment in this case and then ask for my position on it?!”

أبان بن تغل: الشبعة هم الزين إذا اختلف الناس عن رسول الله - صلي الله عله وآل وسلم — أخذوا بقول علي، وإذا اختلف الناس عن علي أخذوا بقول

٠٠ سلم ٠* ٠٠ ءخ * ٠٠ ٠*

جعفر بن محمدن.^[597]

[Aban b.

These short statements exemplify the nature and principal characteris­tics of the specific tradition of law and legal interpretation to which Ja'far al-Sadiq, and his father Muhammad al-Baqir, belonged. This tradition was characterized by a focus on the text, and nothing but the text, of the Qur'an and the Sunna of the Prophet, as the source of the law, and on the transmis­sion, interpretation, and practice of 'Ali, as known to, and transmitted by, the learned among his descendants, as the interpretive model for every­thing Islamic. This is what was called the legal legacy of the Family of the Prophet, which was known to differ in its sources and approaches from the other main legal schools of early Muslim history, referred to conventionally as the schools of the Hijaz and Iraq.^[598]

In the legal works of both Ja'fari and Zaydi schools, references to the leg­acy of the Family of the Prophet abound. Here are just a few examples:

أبو خالد الواسطي قال: سألت زيد ين علي عن مال ايتيم، أفيه ركاه؟ فقال: لا! قلت: إن بى أبي رفع ;تروون عن أمير المؤمنين^[599] أئه رفى مالهم. فقال: نحن أهل اييت نكر هذا.^[600]

[Abu Khalid ('Amr b.

قاسم ين إرهيم ي الركعتين الأخيرتين: سبح فيهما أو يقرأ بغاتحة الكتاب؟ قال: الذي دأيت عله مشاع آل الرسول التسبيح.^[602]

Regarding the question whether one should recite tasbih or the opening sura of the Qur'an in the last two ra^as of prayer, Qasim b. Ibrahim^[603] said, “What I found the elders of the Family of the Prophet always recite was tasbih."

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أجمع آل رسول هللا على أن يقولوا ي الأذان والإقامة: ح على خيرالعمل.^[604]

The Family of the Messenger of God unanimously included “Come for the best of deeds” in the [calls to prayer, both] adhan and iqama.

أحنمعئ آل رسول الله على الجهرببسم الله الرجن الرحيم.^[605]

The Family of the Messenger of God unanimously recited aloud [in the beginning of their prayer] "In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.”^[606]

روينا عن رسول هللا — صلى هللا عليه وآل وسلم — وعن على والحسن والحسين وعلى ين الحسن ومحمد ين على وجعفرين محمد أنهم كانوا يجهرون ببسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم ي ما يجهر فيه من الصلوات.

We have been told about the Prophet (may God's prayer and peace be upon him and his Family), 'Ah, Hasan, Husayn, 'Ah b. al-Husayn, Muham­mad b. 'All, and Ja'far b. Muhammad that they used to recite [the open­ing formula] "In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful” aloud in any prayer in which the recitation is made aloud. 'All b. al-Husayn said, 'We, the children of Fatima, have all agreed on this matter.”

رفاعة بن موس قال: سألزئ أبا عبد هللا عن متمتع لا نهد هديا. قال: يصوم ثلاثة أيام يعد النفر. والله نعالى يقول: زدلاثة أيام ي الحح. قلت: قول هللا ي ذي الحجة؟ قال: يجن أهل ابيت نقول ي ذي الحجة.^[608]

[Rifa'a b. Musa:] I asked Abu 'Abd Allah about a pilgrim who is per­forming hajj al-tamattu' and cannot find an animal to sacrifice. He said, "He should fast three days following his departure, as God, the Majestic and Exalted, says: ‘Three days during the hajj.'”^[609] I said, "Did God mean the month of Dhu al-Hijja?” He said, “That is what we, the People of the Family [of the Prophet], say.”

سفيان ين عيينة عن الزهري قال: قال لي علي ين الخسين: وأما صوم السفر والمرض فإن العامة قد اختلقت ي ذلك. وأنتا نحن فتقول: دقطري الحالين جميعا. فان لله عز وجل يقول:.رقمن كان متكم مريضا أوعلي,سفرقعده من أؤام أخره^[610]

[Sufyan b. 'Uyayna, quoting Zuhri:] 'All b. al-Husayn said to me, “As for the question of fasting when one is traveling or ill, the majority differ on this matter [on whether refraining from fasting is optional or oblig­atory]. As for us, our position is that one is to break one's fast in both cases, for God, the Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘Whoever of you is ill or traveling, [make up the fast with] a number of other days.'”^[611]

عن أبي جعفرقال: إقا آل محشد نلبس المعصفر.^[612]

Abu Jafar said, 'We, the Family of the Prophet, wear that which is dyed with saffron.”

عن علي قال: إقا أهل بيت لانشب المسكرولاناكل الخري ولانمسح علي الخفين.^[613]

'All said, 'We are members of a Family who do not drink intoxicants, do not eat jirri,^[614] and do not wipe over boots [when performing ablution].”

عيس بن عبد الله العلوي عن أيه عبد الله بن محشد بن عمر بن علي بن أبي طالب قال: خلط علي قوم من أصحابنا ي شيء من أمرالخخ فاستأذنت علي جعفرين محشد فأدخلت عله ففلت [ل]: إن قوما من أصحابنا خلطوا علي شيء من أمر الخخ. قال لى: أليس قد أدرت أباك وسمعت منه؟ قتن: بلي! قال: ورأيت خالك زيد ين علي وسمعت منه؟ — وعدد علي رجالا من أهلنا — قته: بلي! ففال لي: فانظر إلى ما سمعت منهم فخذ به، وما سمعت من غيرهم فارم به تهثد.^[615]

['Isa b. 'Abd Allah al-'Alawi, quoting his father, 'Abd Allah b. Muham­mad b. 'Umar b. 'All b. Abi Talib:]^[616] A group of our companions were confused about some matters relating to the hajj, so I asked permission from Ja'far b. Muhammad to visit him and was allowed to be in his pres­ence. I said [to him], 'A group of our companions are confused about some matters relating to the hajj.” He said to me, "Did you not meet your father and hear from him?” I said, "Yes!” He said, "And you saw your [maternal] uncle^[617] Zayd b. 'Ali and heard from him?”—and he counted a number of other men from our family. I said, "Yes!” He said to me, "Look to what you heard from them and apply it, and discard whatever you heard from others. That will put you on the right path.”

I.