The ninth leading jurisprudent: Ibrahim b. Khalid al-Baghdadi (d. 240/854)

Abu Thawr Ibrahim b. Khalid b. Abi al-Yaman al-Baghdadi (d. 240/854), a famous, devout, and accomplished jurist, initially followed Muhammad b. Hasan al-Shaybani and then left him for al-Shafi'i when the latter arrived in Baghdad.

As a disciple of al-Shafi'i, he shifted his hermeneutical emphasis from ray to athar and reduced his attendance at Muhammad b. Hasan al-Shaybani’s lessons. He heard material from Sufyan b. 'Uyayna, 'Abd al-Rahman b. al-Mahdi, Waki' b. al-Jarrah, and others. He transmitted al-Shafi'i’s Baghdad-era opin­ions but eventually opposed them when he found substitutes. He excelled in law to such a degree that whenever Ibn Hanbal encountered a difficult issue, he would refer to Abu al- Thawr. Considered a leading mujtahid, his independent legal school attracted followers in Baghdad, Azerbaijan, and Armenia. However, because his companions did reach not a large number or stay with him for long, his school disappeared after the fourth/tenth century. Ibn al-Nadim mentioned three of his works on hadith and law: Kitab al-Tahara, Kitab al-Salat, and Kitab al-Manasik. Al-Tabari benefited greatly from his works, particularly in his Kitab Ikhtilaf al-Fuqaha.⁵⁴

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