PEARLS OR PERILS
■ Children with tracheostomies and those on ventilators are capable of oral communication and oral eating.
■ Speech and language delay refers to typical development at a slower pace, while speech and language disorder refers to atypical development when compared with peers.
■ The majority of characteristics (10 out of 15) as per the DSM IV criteria used to formally diagnose an autism spectrum disorder involve communication deficits.
■ Use of augmentative communication systems (devices, sign language, PECS) does not impede development of oral communication, and may, in fact, promote it.
■ Liquids are the least safe alternative when initiating feeding following traumatic brain injury due to delayed reaction times associated with cognitive level of recovery.
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by a U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) Model Demonstration Project award H234M020077, NIH R21 HD052592-01A, NIH R21 HD057344-01, and U.S. Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research award FI H133G070044 and the University of Michigan Ventures Investment Fund VIF 98.094, as well as an investigator-initiated grant from Medtronic, Inc.
SUGGESTED READINGS
Arvedson J, Brodsky L. Pediatric Swallowing and Feeding: Assessment and Management. 2nd ed. Albany, NY: Singular- Thomson Learning; 2002.
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Caruso AJ, Strand EA. Clinical Management of Motor Speech Disorders in Children. New York: Thieme, 1999.
Greenspan SI and Wieder S. The Child with Special Needs. Reading, MA: Perseus Books; 1998.
Lees J. Children with Acquired Aphasias. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group, Inc.; 1993.
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