School Services
Children who have experienced TBI are more likely than the general population to require special education services (222).Children with TBI have learning problems (223). Twenty-five percent to 75% of children with TBI demonstrate school failure or require special education services within the first five years of injury.
Studies demonstrate that the severity of injury is correlated with cognitive functioning after brain injury. Areas of concern include intelligence, adaptation, adaptive problem solving, memory, academic performance, motor abilities, and psychomotor problemsolving (199). Other studies have demonstrated poor overall academic performance and academic promotion despite average academic achievement scores in nearly all children who have sustained TBI (222).Most children return to school relatively soon after TBI, and many schools have an inclusive service model so that these children are in regular classrooms receiving supportive services. The wide variety of potential impairments post-TBI makes general statements about school programming challenging. It is necessary to identify the student's needs by evaluating their level of function and plan strategies to address those needs. Most likely, a student with a TBI will need a program that is unique to their individual needs, requires flexibility, frequent communication with family, and regular monitoring (151).
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