Sensory Impairments
CP is defined as a disorder of movement control and posture, and therefore sensory impairments are easily overlooked. Deficits in two-point discrimination, proprioception, and stereognosis have been described (38-40).
Sensory deficits are believed to be most common in children with hemiparesis. A study of children with spastic hemiparesis found that 97% of the spastic limbs had a stereognosis deficit, 90% had a two-point discrimination deficit, and 46% had a proprioception deficit, and these sensory deficits were more commonly present in limbs with a greater size discrepancy (38). Sensory deficits can also be found in the limbs that do not appear to be affected by CP. Bilateral sensory deficits were found in 88.8% of children with hemiparesis in one study (39). Stereognosis and proprioception were the most common bilateral abnormalities, and the extent of sensory loss did not mirror the motor deficit. Another study identified abnormalities of tactile spatial discrimination in the hands of children with spastic diparesis with apparent normal motor function in their upper extremities (40). Sensory deficits are important to recognize because they can significantly affect functional use of the extremity.
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