ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am indebted to Justin Bledin, Richard Dawid, Steven Gimbel, Fred Kronz, and Richard Richards for reading the entire book or parts thereof and making important comments and criticisms. I also want to thank students in my Spring 2017 graduate seminar for their participation in the study and activity of speculating. That seminar included two who thankfully agreed to read proofs: Maegan Reese and Richard Teague; they did so with expertise. Finally, my deepest ap­preciation is to Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell not only for their monumental speculations, but also for their clashing philosophical views about speculating.