Index

Abbott, A. 296, 298, 303 n. 2, 309 abduction see earth science, and inference to the best explanation

Abrahamsen, A. 248, 254

Adams, F. 275, 276

Adams, J. 309

Aigner, D.

Aizawa, K. 275, 276

Alchemy 164

Alfred P. Sloan foundation 240

Allhoff, F. vii, 121

allopatric speciation see speciation, allopatric

Alpha Centauri system 142-3

Althusser, L. 314

altruism, problem of 202 -5

Ames, R. 327

Anderson, J. 248

Ariew, A. 197

Aristotle 3 n. 5, 5 n. 11, 21, 43,

55 n. 7, 68, 164, 166

Armendt, B. 115

Arntzenius, F. 116

Aspect, A. 158

Aspect experiments 158 - 9 astrology

and disconfirmation 16

vs. Newtonian physics 17 astronomy

and confirmation 11, 14

autism see cognitive science Azzouni, J. 80, 87-9

Bachelard, G. 165

Bacon, F. 164

Baggott, J. 148 n. 11-12, 151 n. 13, 155 n. 19, 158 n. 21

Bak, P. 223

Baker, V.R. 233

Balibar, E. 314

Ball, P. 223

Barbey, A.K. 280

Baron-Cohen, S. 282

Barrett, H.C. 262 n. 1, 272, 273 Barsalou, L.W. 251, 278, 279, 280 Bartlett, F. 241

Basic Law V 73-4

Bates, R.H. 297

Baum, D. 191

Baumberger, J. 332

Bayesianism 102, 116 - 21, and washing out 118 -19 objective vs. subjective 118-20

Bayesian conditionalization 117

Beall, JC 49, 50, 51, 52, 54 n. 6, 60 n. 10, 64

Bear, D. 337

Beatty, J. 184, 220, 221

Bechtel, W. vii, 184, 239, 244, 248, 253, 269

Becker, G. 326

Beckner, M. 4, 184

Begg, D. 326

behaviorism see also cognitive science; psychology

methodological vs. logical 265 n. 3 Belitz, K. 230

Bell, J. 155-6, 157 n. 20

Bell’s theorem 156-9

Ben-Ner, A. 326

Bennett, A. 304 n. 3-4, 306 Berendsen, H. 228, 229

Berlocher, S.H. 191

Bertrand, J. 105

Beziau, J.-Y. 55 n. 7

Bhaskar, R. 335, 343s

Big Ben clock example 138-9 biological kinds, vs. natural kinds 187, 188

biological species concept see species concept, biological

biology

cell 186

conservation 93

evolutionary vs.

theoretical 186

Biology and Philosophy (journal) 199 Birkhoff, G. 58

Bjerring, J.C. 121

black body radiation 153

Blaug, M. 332, 339, 340

Block, N. 250, 262 n. 1

Bloomfield, L. 241

Bobrow, D. 240

Bohman, J. 293 n. 1

Boland, L. 337

Book of Enoch see Enoch

Boolos, G. 74 n. 3 -4

Borel, E. 99

Bower, G. 248

Boyd, R. 189, 342

Brahe, T. 14

Brandon, R.N. 184, 185, 187

Braybrooke, D. 293 n. 1

Brennan, G. 326

Broadbent, D. 242

Bromberger, S. 27 n. 13

Bronfenbrenner, M. 332

Brooks, R.A. 274

Brown, H.I. 306

Brown, J.H. 186

Brunner, K. 336

BSC see species concept, biological Buchanan, J. 326, 329

Bueno, O. vii, 50, 55 n. 7, 58, 59, 63, 68, 73 n. 2

Buller, D.J. 262 n. 1, 272

Bunge, M. 293 n. 1

Burrough, P.A. 223

Buskes, C.J.J. viii, 213, 215, 216, 223, 234

Byron, J. 3

calculus 63, 92

Caldwell, B. 339

Caldwell, W. 265

Camerer, C. 326, 345

Cardano, G. 104

Carnap, R. 3, 48, 111, 112

Carruthers, P. 262 n. 1, 270, 282 Carter, M. 326

Cartwright, N. 32, 303, 304 n. 5, 331, 335, 343

causation 27-8

and sociology see sociology ceteris paribus clauses 32, 330 Chalmers, D. 253, 262 n. 1, 274-6 Chamberlin, T. 232

Charnov, E.L. 198 n. 9

chemical element 167

chemical knowledge, limits to 174-7 chemical structure theory 172-3 chemical substance, definition of 166-7

vs. mixture 167 chemistry

and ethics 163, 178 - 81

and knowledge of atoms and molecules 167-9

and methodological pluralism 175-6 and pure substances 174-5 and substance vs. process philosophy 166

history of philosophy of 163 - 5 philosophy of 163 - 83 reduction to physics 163, 170-3 vs. chemical industry 178 - 9 Chicago School of sociology 296, 298 Chinese room argument 249 Chomsky, N. 242, 243, 247, 267-8 Christensen, D. 115, 117 Chun, M.M. 270 Churchland, P.S. 253 Cladists 193, 195

Clark, A.

Coats, A. 332 cognitive mechanisms 239

as information processing mechanisms 245 cognitive neuroscience 255 Cognitive Science (journal) 240 cognitive science

and autism 255 -6

and behaviorism 240 -1

and explanation 239, 243 - 5 and information theory 241 and interfield theory 254 and mechanism 244-5 and reductionism 253 -4 and representations 245 - 53 as discipline 5, 239-43, 253-6 origin of term 240

philosophy of 5, 239

relation to neuroscience 254-5 society 240

Cohen, D.J. 255 Cohen, J. 250

Cole, L.C. 198 Collins, A. 240

Colyvan, M. 58, 71, 77 n. 7, 106, 121, 195

Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, 31-2 competition, exploitive vs.

interference 196 compound 167 computational representational theory

of mind see psychology Comte, A. 295, 308 concepts see psychology conceptual analysis

and logical consequence see logical consequence conditioning

classical vs. operant 266 - 7 confirmation 9, 111

and disconfirmation 10 -16 conjunction fallacy 263-4 connectionism 248-53 Connolly, A.C. 278 conservativeness, of mathematics see mathematics

constants, logical see logical constants converse Dutch book argument

114 -15

Cooper, G.J. 195 Cosmides, L. 270-1 counterfactual conditionals

and laws as regularities 29 - 31 covering law model see deductive-nomological model Cox, D.R. 103

Coyne, J.A. 190 Cracraft, J. 191

Craig, J.V. 205

Craighero, L. 285 Craik, K. 251 Craver, C. 244 creation science 18

Cummins, R. 184, 244, 252 Cunitz, A.R. 244 curvature of spacetime 143-4, 146 Cushing, J. 148 n. 11

da Costa, N.C.A. 50, 55 n. 7, 59, 62,

63, 73 n. 2 Damasio, A.R. 255 Dapretto, M. 256 Darden, L. 244, 254 Darlington, R.B. 272 Dartmouth College 242 Darwin, C. 4 n. 8, 186, 196, 199, 203

On the Origin of Species 186, 202 Davidson, D. 328 Davis, W.M. 233 Dawkins, R. 202, 205 DDT 199

De Cola, L. 223 de Finetti, B. 97 de Marchi, N. 332, 333, 339, 340 de Queiroz, K. 191 de Regt, H.W. viii, 213, 215, 216,

223, 225, 234 Decety, J.

26-7, 28, 228, 243-4, 301 Descartes, R. 5 n. 11, 69 Dessler, D. 304

Dewitt, R. viii, 9, 21, 33-4, 129,

151 n. 13, 157 n. 20 dialetheism 55 Dickson, M. 102 Dieks, D. 225 Dillard, D. 332 Dilthey, W. 294 Dirac, P. 170 disconfirmation see confirmation distributive law 57-8

Dolan, E. 326

Donoghue, M.J. 191

Doris, J. 262

Dow, S. 326

Dretske, F.I. 250

Dreyer, J. 14 n. 5

drift 197

dualism, substance see substance dualism

Dugger, W. 326

Duhem, P. 13 n. 3, 19, 164, 339

Dupre, J. 214

Durkheim, E. 294, 296, 308, 311,

314

Dutch book argument see probability dynamical systems theory 252 - 3

Eagle, A. 111

Earman, J. 119

earth science

aims of 214-17

and emergence 223-5, 234

and explanation 214, 217, 225-33,

234

and historical narrative 225 - 7

and inference to the best explanation 214, 216 -17, 231- 3

and irreducibility 224-5

and pluralism 213

and reduction to chemistry 213,

217-25, 234

and reduction to physics 213,

217- 25, 234

and underdetermination 213, 214, 227-31, 234

nature of theories and laws of

218- 22

philosophy of 213 - 36

relation to biological generalizations 220-1

sub-disciplines of 216 n. 3

earth-centered view see geocentric view

Ebach, M.C. 193

Ebbinghaus, H. 244

ecology 93

and evolution 195-201

and source laws 198 economics 93

and a priori method 332-5

and causation 330 -1

and ceteris paribus 330

and falsification 338-41

and naturalism 329

and realism 342 - 3

and reasons vs. causes 327-9 philosophy of 324-55 microeconomics vs.

macroeconomics 325-6 non-mainstream theories 326 positive vs. normative 327 rhetoric of 341-2

vs. philosophy of economics 324-6

Economics and Philosophy (journal)

344

Eels, E. 113 n. 18

Egla, A. 116, 120-1

Eichner, A. 338

Einstein, A. 21-2, 23, 130, 139-40, 146, 154, 155

and realism 22, 23 -4 objections to quantum theory 155-6

electrodynamics 132

electron 57, 77, 147, 148, 158, 171 and wave effect 149-50

as particles vs.

Elster, J. 293 n. 1, 301, 315 emergentism 171

empty set 49

Engels, F. 164

Enoch, Book of 178

Enquist, B.J. 186 epistemology

and mathematics 68, 69, 72, 90

and philosophy of science 174

and sociology 293

French epistemologie 165 equivalence, principle of see principle of equivalence

Ereshefsky, M. 191

Ervin, F.R. 244

Etchemendy, J. 48 n. 2

Etzioni, A. 326

Euclidean vs. non-Euclidean systems

62

evolution

and ecology see ecology evolutionary

processes 199

synthesis 186

theory 92, 186 experimentalism, of chemistry 168, 169

explanation 5, 9, 10, 24-8

and causation 27

and earth science see earth science

and sociology see sociology

and unification 28

asymmetry in 26 - 7 explosion see logic

Fadiga, L. 285 falsification 9, 11

and economics see economics

and K. Popper 15-19

Fama, E. 326

Farris, J.S. 193, 195

Fauconnier, G. 243

Feldman, M.W. 199 n. 11

Felsenstein, J. 192

Ferson, S. 106

Fetzer, J. 110

Feynman, R.P. 103 fictionalism, mathematical see mathematical fictionalism

Fidler, F. 286

Field, H. 80-3

Fine, T. 103

Finlay, B.L. 272

Fisher, R.A. 186

Fitelson, B. 112, 113 n. 18

fitness, evolutionary 186, 188

Fleetwood, S. 343

Fodor, J. 214, 247, 250, 251, 253, 268,

269, 270, 272, 277-8, 280, 282

Fogassi, L. 285

forces, evolutionary 197

Forey, P.L. 193

Foundations of Chemistry (journal)

163-4

Frank, R. 327

Frege, G. 43, 72-4

Friedman, M. 28, 335-7, 342

Gabby, D.M. 62

Galilei, G. 14

Gallagher, S. 274

Gallese, V. 283, 285

Gallistel, R. 270

Garcia, J. 244

Garcia effect 244

general covariance, principle of see principle of general covariance general relativity, theory of see relativity

genetics

Mendelian 186

molecular 185 -6

geocentric view

vs. heliocentric view 14-15, 19,

24-5

George, A.L. 304 n. 3 - 4, 306

Geweke, J.

Ghiselin, M. 184, 188

Gigerenzer, G. 274

Gilbert, M. 299

Gillies, D. 111, 112

Gilovich, T. 327

Ginzberg, L. 195

Glanzer, M. 244

Gleitman, H. 278

Gleitman, L.R. 278

Glymour, C. 286, 306

Godel, K. 71, 74-6

Godelier, M. 314

Goertz, G. 305

Goldman, A. 283, 284, 285

Goodman, N. 30

Goodnight, C.J. 205

Gopnik, A. 282

Gordon, R. 283

Gould, C.C. 299

gravitational theory, Newtonian

81-3, 144, 161

Greece, ancient 3, 129, 156, 157, 159, 161, 164

Grene, M. 4, 184

Griesemer, J. 185

Griffiths, P. 189, 262 n. 1

Grush, R. 257

Guenther, F. 62

Gustafsson, B. 326

Haavelmo, T. 331

Haber, M. viii, 184, 189, 193, 205

Hacking, I. 49, 103, 104, 299

Hajek, A. 94 n. 1, 99 n. 9, 100, 106,

112, 116, 121 n. 25

Haldane, J.B.S. 186

Hale, B. 71

Hall, R. 335

Hamilton, A. ix, 185, 187, 189, 205

Hamilton, W.D. 203, 204

Hamilton’s rule 204

Hammond, J.D. 337

Hampton, J.A. 277, 278

Hands, D.W. 332, 338, 340, 343, 344

Hanson, N.R. 306

Harre, R. 304

Harris, R.A. 243

Hastings, A. 198

Hausman, D.M. ix, 324, 325, 331, 332, 335, 337, 340, 343, 345

Hawthorne, J. 116

Heal, J. 283

Hedstrom, P. 304 n. 3-4

Hegel, G.W.F. 164

Heidegger, M. 257

Heisenberg, W. 154

Heisenberg’s Principle 57-9 heliocentric view see geocentric view Hellman, G. 80, 83 - 7

Helm, D. 331

Hempel, C.G. 13 n. 3, 26, 225 n. 4, 243, 301

Hennig, W. 189, 193 n. 3

Herbert, N. 151 n. 13, 155 n. 19

Hermer, L. 270

Herschbach, M. ix, 239, 269

Hilbert, D. 81-2

Hindess, B. 314

Hirst, P.Q. 314

Hitch, C. 335

Hitchcock, A. 282

Hodgson, G. 326

Hoffman, D. 255

Hoffrage, U. 274

Holmes, S. 83

Hoover, K. 326, 331

Howard, D.J. 191

Hughes, R. 155

Hull, C. 240, 266

Hull, D. 4, 184, 188, 189, 193, 206, 226, 227

Hume, D. 5 n. 11, 27

and causation 27, 303

and circularity 34 and empiricist theory of ideas 278 and induction 32 -4

Hume’s Principle 72 -4 Humphreys, P. 109-10, 223 Humphreys’ paradox 109 -10 Humphries, C.J. 193

Husserl, E. 257

Hutchins, E. 253, 273

Hutchinson, G.E. 195, 197, 199, 200

Hutchison, T. 332, 335, 339 Hutton, J. 215

Hyle (journal) 163 hypotheses, auxiliary 13, 18, 20

impact theory (earth science) 218 indispensability argument, Quine’s 77-8, 80

individuality thesis 189, 190 induction

and D. Hume 32 -4

and earth science 216 -17

and J.S. Mill 333 - 5 inductive reasoning 9, 10, 12, 20 the pessimistic induction 12 n. 2 inductive-statistical model 26 inference to the best explanation in earth science see earth science information theory see cognitive science

inheritance, Mendelian 197 n. 8 intelligent design 18 instrumentalism see also realism

of chemistry 168

of mathematics 84

Jacob, P. 262 n. 1

Jalladeau, J. 332

Jarvie, I.C. 293 n. 1

Jaynes, E.T. 105, 119

Jeannerod, M. 262 n. 1

Jeffrey, R. 117

Jeffrey conditionalization 117

Jensen, M. 326

Johnson, M.H. 243

Jones, R. 160

Journal of Economic Literature 346

Journal of Economic Methodology 344, 346

Joyce, J. 116

Kahneman, D. 263-4

Kant, I. 164

Kanwisher, N. 270

Keohane, R.O. 310

Kepler, J. 11, 12, 14-15, 16, 24-7,

28-30, 31

Keynes, J.M. 104, 105, 111

Keynes, J.N. 335

Kim, J. 315

Kincaid, H. 293 n. 1, 309

King, G.R.O. 310

Kirzner, I. 326

Kitcher, P. 4, 26, 28, 189, 197, 225

n. 4, 301

Kitching, I.J. 193

Kitts, D.B. 220

Kleinhans, M.G. ix, 213, 215, 216,

223, 234

Klin, A. 255

Knight, F. 328, 329

Knorr Cetina, K. 187

Knowles, D. 301

Knudsen, C. 326

Koelling, R.A. 244

Kolmogorov, A. 93, 94, 96, 99 n. 7,

121

Koopmans, T. 335

Kosslyn, S. 251

Krause, D. 63, 73 n. 2

Kregel, J. 326

Kuhn, T. 3, 18 n. 9, 165, 331-2,

340

Kunin, L. 332

Kurzban, R. 273

La Jolla Conference on Cognition 240 Lakatos, I. 3, 18, 331-2, 339-40, 345 Lakoff, G. 243

Laland, K.N. 199 n. 11

Lam, N.S.-N. 223

Lange, M. 32, 160 language of thought 247

Laplace, P. 93, 104

Latsis, S. 332, 340

Laudan, R. 215

law

and ceteris paribus 32

of composition (biology) 197 scientific 9, 10, 25-7, 28-32 singleton (biology) 197 source see ecology

vs. accidental regularity 29 - 31 Lawson, T. 343

Laymon, L. 21 n. 11, 146

Leblanc, H. 98 n. 6, 101

Lee, C.K. 310-11

Leibniz, G. 63, 69

length contraction 133, 139

Lepore, E. 251

Leslie, A. 282

Lester, R.A. 335

Lewis, D. 99, 117, 121

and the principle principle 120 Lewontin, R. 200, 202

Levi, I. 103

Levins, R. 187

Levi-Strauss, C. 314

liar paradox 53-4, 55

Lichty, R.W. 228

Liebig, J. 164

Life of Brian (movie) 214

Lipton, P. 232, 233

Little, D. x, 293, 299, 301, 305, 311,

314, 315

Lloyd, E. 185

locality assumption 156 - 8

Loewenstein, G. 326

logic

and constructive logics 52

and explosion 53, 56, 57, 73 n. 2 and truth preservation 44-7, 61 and validity 43, 51 applied 63 -4 applications of 42, 62-4 as formal and universal 43-4, 61 classical 98 n. 6, 111 classical vs. non-classical 52, 57, 60 of paradox 56 n. 8 paraconsistent 52, 55 - 7, 60, 64,

73 n. 2

philosophy of 3, 6, 41-67

pure 62, 64 quantum 52, 57-9, 60, 64, 102 relevant 60 n. 11

theorist program (cognitive science)

242

logical consequence 41, 42-9, 64

and cases 51-2

and conceptual analysis 41- 2

and domains 60 -1

and formal consequence 46

and logical truth 49

and models 47, 48

and modality 47-8

as a priori 47

logical constants 45, 50, 59

logical form 43 - 4

logical monism 42, 50 -1, 60, 61, 62 logical pluralism 41, 42, 50-61 logicism 72

Looren de Jong, H. 286 Lorentz-Fitzgerald equation 133 Lukes, S. 314

Luria, A. 241 Lyon, A. x, 92

MacCorquodale, K. 267 n. 6 Machamer, P. 244

Machery, E. x, 262, 272, 273, 278, 279, 280, 281, 286

Machlup, F. 329, 335 Mackie, J.L. 303 macroeconomics see economics

Maddock, R. 326

Maddy, P. 71, 74 Maher, P. 116

Mahoney, J. 309

Maki, U. 326, 337, 343, 345 Mandelbrot, B.B. 223

Mandler, J.M. 251 Marcus, G.F. 269 Marinoff, L. 105

Markman, A. 279, 280 Martin, M. 293 n. 1

Martin, R. 54 n. 6 Marwell, G. 327

Marx, K. 295, 297, 327, 343 mathematical fictionalism 68, 80-3,

90

mathematical objects 68

and ontology 68

and quantum mechanics 77 as abstract 70, 71, 72 as mind-independent 70, 71, 72 mathematics

and conservativeness 80 -1

and deflationary nominalism 87-9 and epistemology see epistemology and nominalism 68, 70, 76, 80 -9 and Platonism 68, 70-9, 89 application of 68, 69, 84, 85 - 7, 90 philosophy of 3, 6, 68-91 pure vs. applied 62 - 3

Matthen, M. 197 Matthewson, J. 121

Maudlin, T. 160 Maull, N. 254

Maximum Likelihood methods 193,

195

Maynard Smith, J. 186, 202

Mayr, E. 188, 190

McAdam, D. 304 n. 3-4, 305 n. 7

McAllister, J.W. 235

McCarthy, J. 297

McClelland, J.L. 245, 248

McCloskey, D. 341-2

McCulloch, W. 248

McDermott, J. 270

McDonald, T.J. 309

McGee, V. 48 n. 2

McGowan, B.K. 244

McIntyre, L.C. 293 n. 1, 295, 309

McLaughlin, J. 186

McNaughton, B. 245

McPherson, M. 325

mechanics, quantum see quantum mechanics

mechanics, statistical see statistical mechanics

Meckling, W. 326

Meehl, P.E. 267 n. 6

Meier, R. 191

Meltzoff, A.N. 282, 283 mentalism see psychology Merleau-Ponty, M. 257

Mermin, D. 133 n. 2

Merton, R.K. 297

Mervis, C. 277 metallurgy 164

Metzler, J. 251

Meyerson, E. 164

Michod, R.E. 204 microeconomics see economics migration 197

Mikkelson, J.M. 105

Mill, J.S. 294, 295, 308, 313, 332-5, 336, 343

Miller, D. 110

Miller, G. 241, 242

Miller, R.W. 301

Millikan, R.G. 250

Minford, P. 326

Minsky, M. 248

Mirowski, P. 343, 344

mirror neurons 255-6, 285

Mises, L. von 326, 329

Mishler, B. 191

Mitchell, S. 187

mixture

vs. chemical substance see chemical substance

heterogeneous 167

ML methods see Maximum Likelihood methods

modal structuralism 68, 83 - 7, 90 categorical component of 84-5 hypothetical component of 84 modality

and logic see logical consequence

Mongin, P. 327

monism, logical see logical monism

Morishima, M. 326

Muir, W.M. 205

Mundale, J. 253

Murphy, D. 262

Murphy, G.L. 278

mutation 197

Nagel, E. 4, 217-18, 221, 253

natural kind assumption (psychology) 281

natural selection see selection

Navier-Stokes equations 230

Neisser, U. 242

Newell, A. 242, 243, 246-7, 248, 268

Newton, I. 17, 21-2, 63, 144, 160, 334

Newtonian gravitational theory see gravitational theory, Newtonian

niche construction 199

Nichols, S. 262 n. 1, 282, 283, 284, 285

Noe, A. 262 n. 1, 274, 275

nominalism, mathematical see mathematics

Norman, D.A. 240

Nozick, R. 301 number, concept of 72

Nute, D. 110

objects, mathematical see mathematical objects observation 20

O’Donnell, J.M. 265 n. 4

Odenbaugh, J. x, 184, 187

Odling-Smee, F.J. 199 n. 11 Okasha, S. x, 184, 187 operationalism see realism

Oppenheim, P. 26

O’Reilly, R.C. 245

Oreskes, N. 230

Orloff, A.S. 309

Orr, D. 337

Orr, H. 190

Ortner, S.B. 309

Ostwald, W. 164

Papert, S. 248 paraconsistent logic see logic Parsons, C. 76

Pasinetti, L. 326

Paul, R. 255

Pavlov, I. 265 n. 4, 266-7

PCVL see principle of the constancy of the velocity of light

Peel, D. 326

People’s Court, The 255

Perner, J. 282

Perrett, D.I. 256

philosophy

and scientific practice 10 -24 relation to science 9 -10

philosophy of science

focus of 178

methodological issues 3, 6

phylogenetic

inference 186, 191-5

species concept see species concept, phylogenetic

tree xii, 192

phylogeneticists, statistical 193, 195 physics

and calculus 63

and relativity theory see relativity, special theory of

as investigating basic level of world 160

Newtonian 21, 28, 146

theoretical 175

theoretical vs. particle 173

quantum 22, 129, 130, 147-59, 160, Piaget, J. 241

Piccinini, G. 269, 280

Pitts, W. 248

Planck, M. 153-4

Plato 68

Platonism see also mathematics

Fregean 68, 71-4, 90

Godelian 68, 71, 74-6, 90

Quinean 68, 71, 76-8 structuralist 68, 71, 78 - 9, 90 pluralism

and earth science see earth science logical see logical pluralism methodological, in chemistry see chemistry

Podolsky, B. 155

Poincare, H. 92

Polyani, M. 164

Popper, K. 3, 13 n. 3, 15-19, 97, 101,

108, 110, 193, 338-41, 345

Popper conditional probability function 102

population genetics 186

population growth 186

Port, R. 252, 257

Povinelli, D.J. 282 n. 15

Price, G.R. 186

Priest, G. 50, 54, 55 n. 7, 56 n. 8, 63, 64, 73 n. 2

principle of equivalence 140, 141 principle of general covariance 140, 141

principle of indifference 105 for indexical statements 120

principle of maximum entropy 119 principle of relativity see relativity principle of the constancy of the velocity of light 131, 132-3

principle principle see Lewis, D. Prinz, J. 262 n. 1, 278, 279, 280 probability

absolute 94-100

classical interpretation of 103 - 5 conditional 94, 98 -100, 100 - 2 Dutch book argument 113-16 frequency interpretation 105 - 8 function 96

intuitionistic theory of 102 logical 111

kinematics see Jeffrey conditionalization

mathematical theory of 94-103 objective vs. subjective

interpretation 104 philosophical theory of 103 philosophy of 6, 92 -125 propensity interpretation 108 -11 quantum 102

reference class problem 106 subjective interpretation 113-19 theory and everyday reasoning 93 washing out see Bayesianism

PSC see species concept, phylogenetic psychology

and behaviorism 265 - 8

and cognition 273 - 7

and computational representational theory of mind 268 -9

and concepts 277-82 and massive modularity 270-3 and mentalism 263-9

and mindreading 282-5 gestalt 241

philosophy of 5, 262-92 pure logic see logic

Putnam, H. 58, 63, 77 n. 7, 80, 83,

102, 253

Putterman, L. 326 Pylyshyn, Z.W. 268, 280

quantum logic see logic quantum mechanics 76-7, 92, 164,

169, 170, 171

quantum probability see probability quantum theory see physics

Quartz, S.R. 272

Queller, D.C. 186

Quine, W.V.O. 19, 30, 48, 49, 50, 61,

71, 76-8, 88, 330 Quine-Duhem thesis 19, 339

Rabin, M. 326

Ragin, C.C. 306

Rain Man 255

Ray, G. 48, 60

Read, S. 49 n. 3, 50, 60 n. 11 realism

and truth 22

as philosophical 22 - 3 of chemistry 168

vs. instrumentalism 9, 21- 4, 152,

168 n. 2

Rear Window 282 reductionism

metaphysical vs. epistemological

170 -1 methodological 171 to biology 4 to chemistry 213 to neuroscience 253 -4 to physics 4, 5, 163, 170-3, 213 reference class problem see probability Regan,D. 327

Regan, H.M. 106

Reichenbach, H. 107

relativity

and bending of starlight 146

empirical tests of 145-7

general theory of 3, 21, 28, 130, 139-45, 146

of simultaneity 134, 138, 139, 161 principle of 131- 2, 133, 136, 137 special theory of xii, 21, 23, 130, 131- 9, 140, 141, 143, 154

theory of 21, 129, 130, 160, 161, 164

relevant logic see logic

Renyi, A. 100, 103, 110

Renyi conditional probability function 101

representation

in cognitive science see cognitive science

theorems 82 - 3

Resnick, M. 71, 78-9

Restall, G. 49, 50, 51, 52, 60 n. 10, 64

Ricardo, D. 333, 334

Richardson, R.C. 244

Rickert, H. 294

Rizzolatti, G. 285

Robbins, L. 335

Roemer, J. 326

Roeper, P. 98 n. 6, 101

Roncaglia, A. 326

Rosch, E. 277

Roscher, W. 335

Rosen, N. 155

Rosenberg, A. 187, 293 n. 1, 328, 340

Rosenblatt, F. 248

Roth, P.A. 293 n. 1

Rothbard, M. 326

Roughgarden, J. 186

Rozansky, J. 326

Rueschemeyer, D. 309

Rumelhart, D.E. 240, 248

Runde, J. 331

Rupert, R. 273, 276-7

Ruse, M. 4, 184

Russell, B. 73 n. 2

Russell’s Paradox 73

Ryle, G. 265 n. 3

Salerno, J. 121

Salmon, W. 26, 225 n. 4, 301, 303, 304 n. 5

Salzinger, L. 311

Samuels, R. 271

Sarkar, S. 195

Sarnecki, J. 279, 280

Schacter, D.L. 243

Schaffer, M. 198 n. 9

Schaffner, K. 4

Schelling, F.W.J. 164

Schmoller, G. 335

Schouten, M. 291

Schrader-Frechette, K. 230

Schrodinger, E. 154

Schumm, S.A. 228

Schummer, J. xi, 163, 165, 166 n. 1,

175, 178, 180

science vs. technology 179 - 80

Scott, S. 281

Searle, J.R. 249

second law of thermodynamics 92

Secord, P.F. 304

selection (evolutionary) 186

kin 186

group 186

levels of 201-5

natural 197, 204, 273

Senior, N. 332

Sent, E.-M. 326

set theory, axioms of 74-6

Shackel, N. 105

Shafer, G. 103

Shakespeare, W. 161

Shalkowski, S. 48 n. 2, 50

Shannon, C.E. 119 n. 23, 241

Shapiro, I. 310

Shapiro, S. 48 n. 2, 71, 78

Shelley, M. 178

Shepard, R. 251

Sher, G. 48 n. 2

Sherratt, Y. 293 n. 1

Shils, E. 297

Simmons, W.K. 280

Simon, H. 242, 243, 246-7, 268, 274,

331

Sims, C. 331

simulation theory 283

Skinner, B.F. 240, 266, 267

Skyrms, B. 99, 115

Sleeping Beauty problem 120-1 Smith, A. 332

Smith, L.B. 275

Smith, N.R. 189

Smith, P. 223

Smithson, M. 121

Sober, E. 185, 188, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 204, 205

social sciences

philosophy of 293-5

what they are 295 - 8 sociology

and causation 293, 299 - 300, 303 - 6

and defining ‘social’ 298-300

and empirical justification 306-8 and epistemology see epistemology and explanation 300-2

and mechanisms 304-6, 312

and positivism and naturalism 308-13

and reductionism 315 -17 philosophy of 293 - 323 relation to psychology 313 -17

Solomon, K.O. 279

Sorensen, A.B. 304 n. 5

Sosa, E. 28

spacetime, curvature of see curvature of spacetime

special relativity, theory of see relativity

special sciences 5-6, 214 speciation, allopatric 196 species

as biological vs. natural kind 188 - 9 as interbreeding groups 190 metaphysics of 184 problem 190 species concept

biological 190 -1 phylogenetic 190 -1

Spelke, E. 270

Spencer, H. 294

Sperber, D. 270

Sraffa, P. 326

Sripada, C. 285

Stanfield, R. 332

Starr, H. 305 statistical mechanics 92 Steel, D. 314 Steel, M. 195 Steinmetz, G. 309 Stephens, C. 197 Sterelny, K. 197, 226 Sterner, R. 186 Stevens, L. 205 Stewart, J. 282

Stich, S. 262 n. 1, 269, 282, 283, 284,

285

Stilwell, H. 279, 280 Stouthamer, E. 228, 229 structuralism, modal see modal structuralism

substance dualism 264-5 Suddendorf, T. 256 supervenience 172 Swedberg, R. 304 n. 3 -4 synthetic determination relations 86

Tang, C. 223

Tang, W.H. 121

Tarrow, S.G. 304 n. 3-4, 305 n. 7

Tarski, A. 41, 44-7, 47-8, 54, 58, 59, 64

technoscience 180 teleology

and function in biology 184

and the universe 129

telescope, use of 14

Thagard, P. 244

Thaler, R.H. 284

Thelen, E. 274 theoreticism, of chemistry 168, 169 theory

and being neutral 20

and mathematics 69 entrenchment of 18

generation of 20

impact (earth science) see impact theory

scientific vs. non-scientific 15-19 simulation (psychology) 282-3 testing of 20 -1

-theory (psychology) 282 underdetermination of see underdetermination

Thomas, D. 295, 309

Thorndike, E. 265, 267

Tilly, C. 297, 304 n. 3-4, 305 n. 6-7 time dilation 133, 134, 136, 139 Titchener, E.B. 265

Tolman, E. 241, 266

Tooby, J. 270-1

Tooley, M. 28

Toribio, J. 274

transformational grammar 242, 245

Trout, J.D. 286

Tuffly, C. 195

Tulving, E. 243

Turner, D. 227

Turner, S.P. 293 n. 1

Tversky, A. 263 - 4 twin paradox 136-9 two-scale approach 195-201 two-slit experiment 148-51, 152, 155 type/token distinction 249-50

Udehn, L. 314 underdetermination 9, 19-21, 192, 213, 214, 227-31, 234

universe

mechanistic conception 129-30

organism conception 129

validity see logic

van den Berg, A.P. 219

van Fraassen, B. 55 n. 7, 105, 116, 342 van Gelder, T. 252, 257

van Thienen, P. 219 Vanberg, V. 326, 329 Varela, C.R. 304

Veblen, T. 326 Venn, J. 106 Vera, A.H. 274 Verba, S. 310 Vlaar, N.J. 219 Volkmar, F.R. 255 von Mises, R. 107 von Neumann, J. 58 von Wright, G.H. 226, 328 Vonk, J. 282 n. 15 Vygotsky, L. 241

Wade, M.J. 186, 205

Wallerstein, I.M. 309 Wallis, J.R. 223

Warfield, T.A. 269 Waskan, J. 251, 252

Watkins, J.W.N. 313 Watson, J. 240, 265, 266 Weatherson, B. 102, 121

Weaver, F. 332

Weaver, W. 119 n. 23

Weber, M. 294, 297, 313, 329

Wegener, A. 218

Weinburg, S. 22

Weintraub, E.R. 332, 340, 343

Weisenfeld, K. 223

Weiskopf, D. 281

West, G.B. 186

Wheeler, M. 257

Wheeler, Q.D. 191

Wheeler, W.M. 205

Whewell, W. 294

Whiten, A. 256

Wiens, J.J. 187, 192

Wiley, E.O. 193

Williams, D.M. 193

Williams, G.C. 203

Williams, J.H. 255

Williamson, O. 326

Wilson, C.D. 280

Wilson, D.S. 186, 189, 202, 204, 205

Wilson, E.O. 202

Wilson, M. 273

Wilson, R. 189, 191

Wimsatt, W. 4, 184, 187, 206, 225

Winch, P. 328

Winsor, P. 189

Winter, S. 326

Winther, R.G. 187

Wiseman, J. 326

Wisman, J. 326

Wold, H. 331

Woodward, J. 306, 314

Worland, S. 332

Wright, C. 71

Wright, S. 186

Yerkes, R. 265

Zahle, J. 314

Zald, M. 296, 297

Zellner, A. 331

zero 71, 72