The collapse of the Soviet Union and Kazakhstan’s gaining its political independence and full sovereignty.

December 8-9, 1991 in Minsk (in the Bialowieza Forest), the three leaders ofthe Slavic, Russian President Boris Yeltsin, President L.M. Kravchuk and Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus S.

14-15 December 1991 in Alma-Ata happened a meeting of rep­resentatives of the eleven heads of state. After a short presentation of the subject by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev and subsequent speeches, the heads of independent states unanimously adopted the Declaration on the Elimination of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of11 independent states. This meant the end of all attempts to form a single federal rule of law. The formation of a democratic state was now up to each independent republic.

The Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as all the other former Soviet republics and the USSR as a whole, also sells «ready» concept of democratic rule of law in stages. Almost simultaneously with the relevant social democratic movements in the Soviet Union and the Federal Republic in the Republic of Kazakhstan has started ideological and theoretical training to realize the intellectuals and people of the necessity and inevitability of building a democratic state of law.

The Republic of Kazakhstan was proclaimed as an independent sovereign state on December 16, 1991, which was recorded in the Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On State In- dependence». As a sovereign State, the Republic of Kazakhstan has an independent economic system, based on diversity and equality of all forms of ownership, creates its own armed forces. The basic law of the land is the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted by popular referendum on 30 August 1995.

This year marks the twenty years of the Declaration «On State sovereignty (independence) of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic», adopted October 25, 1990. This was the final period of the so-called Gorbachev’s perestroika, designed to preserve the old Soviet socialist socio-economic and political system, has long been rotting on root. The task of Gorbachev’s perestroika was some modernization, partial redemption of the system from the most conspicuous of its anti­democratic institutions: introduction multiparty system, the abolition of censorship and, ultimately, the abolition of Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution. Naturally, the restructuring was doomed. The party nomenclature, which stood over the society and the state and operated it, aroused the hatred of the masses, as evidenced by the December 1986 events in Almaty, the opposition to the corrupt nomenclature in Baku, Tbilisi, Vilnius and other cities of the former USSR. And in 1990, the Supreme Council of the Baltic States, and then Russia first declared its sovereign rights, they have adopted in the Declarations. Following Russia and other former Soviet republics, and, including the Kazakh SSR Supreme Soviet adopted its own Declaration of State Sovereignty. Essentially it was a statement of almost complete indepen dence of the republics in solving the fundamental problems of the inner life.

The Declaration of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR «On State Sovereignty of Kazakh SSR» from October 25, 1990 stated that the laws of the Kazakh SSR take precedence over the laws of the USSR, and this meant that the human and economic policies as well as policies in other areas of public life in the Kazakh SSR will be carried out irrespective of the Union center and, in particular, in the field of international relations.

A particular point of the Declaration «On State Sovereignty of Kazakh S SR» proclaimed the need for the people of the Republic of Kazakhstan build «a human and democratic state of law». The adoption of the Declaration of Independence was the beginning of a new phase of political and legal history of Kazakhstan; it was a historic turning point in the life of all the peoples of the Republic and is actually related to the change of the socio-economic structure. This is evidenced by the fact that at the top level on behalf of the Parliament of the peoples' republic officially announced that the state has a rule, autonomy within the country. Furthermore, together with the principles of the national state and the responsibility of the Kazakh nation across the Declaration was the idea of the need to approve all persons, regardless of their nationality or beliefs. In addition, the Declaration envisaged change in the fundamental principles of state­building, as officially stated that the state power in the country based on the principle of the separation of legislative, executive and judicial, have equal rights of ownership, political pluralism and a multiparty system, etc. But special mention is the fact that the Declaration has become the basis of the national legislation of the new Constitution, since the formation of the national law is a concrete manifestation of political independence. This was clearly stated in Article 17 of the Declaration, to indicate that the development of the new Constitution, laws governing the status of a sovereign state, should be based on the fundamental principles of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Kazakh Republic. In 1991, the Kazakh SSR was renamed to an independent, sovereign Republic of Kazakhstan.

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