CALICIVIRUS INFECTIONS OF MARINE MAMMALS
J. PAUL DUFF
Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency Diseases of Wildlife Scheme (AHVLA DoWS), Great Britain Wildlife Disease Surveillance Partnership, Penrith, Cumbria, UK
The San Miguel sea lion (SMSLV) virus, first isolated in 1972, is a calicivirus indistinguishable from the vesicular exanthema virus of swine (VESV) and is also thought to infect marine fish such as the opal eye perch (Girella nigricans).
SMSLV has not been detected in terrestrial European wild mammals.Several caliciviruses have been demonstrated in cetaceans, including European cetaceans. Most are variants of the SMSLV Cetacean calicivirus has been isolated from vesicular and ulcerative skin lesions in two Atlantic bottlenosed dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus)(21).
Parapoxviruses and caliciviruses were detected by electron microscopy of skin lesions in two grey seal (Hali- choerus grypus) pups from Cornwall, UK in 1991. The lesions were raised nodules 10—20 mm in diameter, mostly in the region of the sternum. The animals were taken into captive care, where the skin lesions increased in size and distribution. Both animals were eventually euthanized, and it was concluded that the caliciviruses were not playing a significant pathological role(22).
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