Contents
| Functions and Composition of Blood | 375 | Cardiac Muscle and the Cardiac Conduction | |
| Functions of Blood | 375 | System | 390 |
| Physical Characteristics of Blood | 376 | Mechanisms of Heart Contraction | 392 |
| Types of Blood Cells in Mammals | 377 | The Cardiac Cycle | 394 |
| Formation of Blood Cells | 381 | Cardiac Output | 395 |
| Formed Elements and Blood Cells in Birds | 383 | Regulation of Heart Rate | 396 |
| Hemostasis | 383 | Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics | 397 |
| Vascular Spasm | 383 | Structure and Function of Blood Vessels | 397 |
| Platelet Plug Formation | 383 | Portal Systems | 399 |
| Blood Clotting | 384 | Capillary Exchange | 399 |
| Blood Groups and Crossmatching | 385 | Factors Affecting Blood Flow | 400 |
| Blood Groups | 385 | Flow, Pressure, and Resistance | 400 |
| Crossmatching | 385 | Maintaining Blood Pressure | 401 |
| The Heart | 386 | Shock and Homeostasis | 404 |
| Anatomy of the Heart | 386 | Circulatory Routes | 404 |
| Pulmonary, Systemic, and Coronary Circulation | 389 | Chapter Summary | 407 |
The cardiovascular system (cardio = heart; vascular = blood vessels) consists of three components: blood, heart, and blood vessels. Blood is essential for transporting nutrients and wastes, thermoregulation, immunity, and acid-base balance.
The heart and blood vessels help deliver the blood throughout the body.
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