Global Prevalence

Paratuberculosis is on the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) list of notifiable animal diseases, despite a lack of surveillance programmes in many countries. Most countries that have identified paratuberculosis as an en­demic disease have a herd prevalence ranging from 10-70% (Figs 1.1-1.3); however, a few countries have been declared free (Whittington et al., 2019). Control of this endemic disease has been particularly difficult due to poor test performance and subclinical animals intermit­tently shedding the pathogen. Pooled sampling techniques, e.g. BTM ELISA and environmental cultures, have promise for estimating nation­wide prevalence (Raizman et al., 2004; Wilson et al., 2010).

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