INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO DISEASE)
J. PAUL DUFF
Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency Diseases of Wildlife Scheme (AHVLA DoWS), Great Britain Wildlife Disease Surveillance Partnership, Penrith, Cumbria, UK
Gumboro disease is a disease of 1- to 6-week-old chickens caused by I nfectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), an RNA birnavirus that destroys B lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius.
IBDV infections cause necrotic destruction of the lymphoid follicles of the bursa, and in birds that survive disease this results in a secondary immunodeficiency. Death may either be acute with haemorrhagic lesions in muscles and haemorrhage in the bursa, or subacute and often associated with septicaemia. Although turkeys, ducks, guinea fowl and ostriches may be infected, clinical disease occurs only in (young) chickens. Evidence of IBDV antibody in wild bird seroprevalence studies has been found in the absence of clinical disease, and it is possible that wild birds may be a source of virus to chickens.
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