MANAGEMENT, CONTROL AND REGULATIONS
Animals with chlamydiosis should be handled in such a way that infection is not transmitted to humans or other animals. Known infected captive birds or animals should be managed in isolation.
Strict sanitation measures and disinfection protocols are recommended, and occasionally it may be preferable to euthanize infected birds rather than risk human health. Columbiform species, including feral pigeons (Columba livia) and psittacines, in view of the high zoonotic potential of their respective chlamydial serotypes and high prevalences of infections, should be necrop- sied in biosecure cabinets. Prevention of chlamydiosis in captive displays should be based on quarantine, testing of newly introduced animals and regular group monitoring, for example by pooled faeces PCR testing.Psittacosis in humans and psittacines is a notifiable disease in many European countries, Australia and the USA, and specific national requirements laid down by epizootic disease legislation together with legislation for the importation of animals must be adhered to. The high prevalence of chlamydiae in free-ranging animals suggests that wildlife hosts, particularly ungulates and feral columb- iformes, should be considered in the control of disease caused by this pathogen(18).
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