Multiple choice answers
1 In cases suspected of having regurgitation,
c the disorder is generally located in the oesophagus
2 In a dog which is suspected of regurgitating, which of the following imaging procedures should be performed first to help confirm the diagnosis?
c radiographs of the thorax
3 Acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs is an
c immune mediated disorder with antibodies against ACh receptors
4 The prognosis for a dog diagnosed with acquired myasthenia gravis is
b guarded as only about 50% of the dogs survive
5 In cases of idiopathic megaoesophagus, the most common cause of death is
d aspiration pneumonia
6 Oesophageal strictures are usually best treated using
a balloon dilation, with repeated procedures if needed
7 In a regurgitating 4-month-old puppy, a barium swallow shows abrupt discontinuation of the barium just cranial to the base of the heart with gross dilatation of the oesophagus cranial to that area.
The most likely diagnosis is:d persistent right aortic arch
8 What is the prognosis for dogs with persistent right aortic arch which have surgery?
c about half the dogs will continue to regurgitate
9 There is evidence that dysautonomia in cats
a may have an aetiology related to botulinum type C neurotoxin
10 Diagnoses of feline dysautonomia is based primarily on
a clinical signs
11 Treatment of feline dysautonomia
c is based on supportive, nutritional and nursing care
12 The pilocarpine test used to aid in a diagnosis of dysautonomia is based on
b miosis of the treated eye due to denervation supersensitivity
13 Large rocks or bones can enter the small intestine of a dog from the stomach
c due to ‘housekeeping waves’ which open the pylorus during fasting
14 Dogs that chronically vomit bile in the early hours of the morning are likely to have
a bilious vomiting syndrome and may respond to a late night snack
15 Copper coloured irises in cats are nearly pathognomonic for d porto-systemic shunt
16 Metabolic alkalosis in a dog or cat which is vomiting is usually associated with
a a pyloric or duodenal foreign body
17 Barium impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) are most useful for
c checking for an intestinal obstruction
18 The ‘organ of vomition’ is the
c duodenum
19 The chemoreceptor trigger zone is in
a the floor of the fourth ventricle
20 Endotoxic shock may occur in animals with intestinal obstruction with a foreign body due to the
c increased numbers of bacteria within the stagnant loop of intestine
21 A gastrointestinal barium contrast study is performed in a 10-year-old dog that has been vomiting intermittently for four months.
On a ventrodorsal view, the pylorus is positioned more medially than normal and there is a decreased amount of contrast seen in the duodenum. While not absolutely diagnostic, this pattern is most suggestive ofb partial gastric dilatation and volvulus
22 Which of the following drugs has a pro-motility intestinal effect at low doses in the fasting dog?
c Erythromycin
23 Bradycardia is most likely to occur in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism due to
a hyperkalaemia
24 A definitive diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism should be made based on the results of which test(s)?
d ACTH stimulation test
25 The intravenous fluid of choice for correcting dehydration in a patient with hypoadrenocorticism is
a 0.9% saline
26 Cats with pancreatitis may have low serum cobalamin concentrations because
d they have decreased intrinsic factor
27 Folate is absorbed primarily in the
b proximal intestine
28 Differentiating feline low grade small cell lymphoma from lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease
d can be difficult even with histopathology
29 In a dog suspected of having eaten Gorilla glue, which is the best treatment?
d The glue mass should be removed surgically
30 Basophilic stippling of red blood cells on an haematoxylin and eosin stained blood smear from a dog
b is suggestive of possible lead toxicity
31 Microcytosis (small red blood cells) can be found in the blood of normal healthy dogs of which breed?
a Akita
32 If ingested and absorbed, lead may be stored in the
b bone
33 The potentially most serious side effect of treating lead toxicity with calcium edentate is reversible
a nephrotoxicity
34 The most common gastric tumour in dogs is
c adenocarcinoma
35 The cat breed at highest risk for developing diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom is the
a Burmese
36 The most sensitive and specific test for diagnosis of pancreatitis in a cat which has been ill for a week is
d feline pancreatic specific lipase
37 In cats, which is the most common sign of pancreatitis?
a Anorexia
38 Compared to round (e.g. ball or rock) foreign bodies, linear intestinal foreign bodies
c are more likely to perforate the intestine
39 The urinary crystal or urolith caused by porto-systemic shunts is
d urate
40 The ductus venosus usually closes
b within a week or two after birth
41 A breed commonly recognized to have congenital extrahepatic porto-systemic shunts is the
d Yorkshire terrier
42 Diets with a high meat protein content are contraindicated for dogs with porto-systemic shunting due to the increased risk of
a hepatic encephalopathy
43 A good source of supplemental protein for a growing puppy with a porto-systemic shunt is
a cottage cheese
44 Lactulose is used to treat patients with porto-systemic shunting because it
c acidifies colonic contents thereby trapping ammonia
45 A cat predisposed to hepatic lipidosis would be one which a is fat and then becomes anorexic
46 Which of the following abnormalities on serum chemistry would indicate that a cat may have hepatic lipidosis rather than cholangitis?
d elevated AP with normal GGT
47 Regarding gastrointestinal bleeding, which of the following is most correct?
c melaena in faeces is caused by oxidation of haemoglobin
48 Acute haemorrhagic gastroenteritis usually differs from other forms of gastrointestinal bleeding in that
a the PCV increases
49 Colonic vascular dysplasia is diagnosed
b by a typical appearance of the colon at colonoscopy
50 Irritable bowel syndrome in dogs is diagnosed by
d exclusion of other disorders and response to treatment
51 The most common colorectal tumours in the dog are
a adenoma/adenocarcinoma
52 In cats with Tritrichomonas foetus
d trophozoites can sometimes be seen in a fresh wet faecal preparation
53 Histiocytic colitis in Boxer dogs responds to b enrofloxacin
54 What is the most common cause of EPI in cats? c Chronic pancreatitis