Phototoxic Retinopathy and Cataracts
Marked retinal degeneration can occur in albino rats subjected to light intensities that would be relatively harmless to animals with pigmented uveal tracts. Retinal changes may occur in rats exposed to cyclic light with an intensity of 130 lux or higher at the cage level.
Typically, the changes are most severe in rats housed on the top shelves of racks nearest the ceiling light fixtures. There is a progressive reduction of the photoreceptor cell nuclei in the outer nuclear layer of the central retina. Advanced disease has marked depletion and alteration of the retinal layers, with concomitant cataract formation (Fig. 2.73). This must be differentiated from peripheral retinal degeneration, which occurs in some strains of rats as a genetically inherited disorder. Degenerative changes may also occur in the Harderian glands of rats exposed to high-intensity light.
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