Barthold Stephen W., Griffey Stephen M., Percy Dean H.. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits. 4th Edition. — Wiley-Blackwell,2016. — 384 p.. 2016

The Fourth Edition of Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits has been extensively revised in response to reviewers' and colleagues' comments, as well as addition of new material that has arisen since the Third edition was published in 2007. In particular, the chapter on rabbits has been significantly revised and expanded. A resounding message from reviewers and colleagues was to publish this edition in color. Technology has advanced such that color images are not only possible but also cost-effective. The images in this text are nonpareil, and have been generously contributed by colleagues, gleaned from the recent literature, and derived from personal collections of the authors.

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Content

Prefac

About the Companion Website Mous

INTRODUCTION

MOUSE GENETICS AND GENOMICS

NOMENCLATURE

COMMON INBRED STRAINS

GENOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE PATHOLOGIST

ANATOMIC FEATURES

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR INTRODUCTION THROUGH ANATOMIC FEATURES

GENERAL REFERENCES ON DISEASES OF MICE

INFECTIONS OF LABORATORY MICE: EFFECTS ON RESEARCH

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR INFECTIONS OF LABORATORY MICE: EFFECTS ON RESEARCH

DNA VIRAL INFECTIONS

RNA VIRAL INFECTIONS

Arenavirus Infection: Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection

Arterivirus Infection: Lactate Dehydrogenase-Elevating Virus Infection

Astrovirus Infection

Coronavirus Infection: Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection

Norovirus Infection

Paramyxovirus Infections

Mice are susceptible to respiratory tract infections with two members of the Paramyxovirus family,

Pneumonia Virus of Mice Infection

Sendai Virus Infection

Picornavirus Infection: Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus Infection

Reovirus Infection

Rotavirus Infection: Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice

Retroelements and retrovirus INFECTIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR VIRAL INFECTIONS

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

Bacterial Enteric Infections Brachyspira spp. Infection

Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens: Clostridial Enteropathy

Clostridium piliforme Infection: Tyzzer’s Disease

Escherichia coli Infection: Coliform Typhlocolitis

Helicobacter spp. Infections

Lawsonia intracellularis Infection

Salmonella enterica Infection: Salmonellosis

Segmented Filamentous Bacteria

Other Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Bordetella hinzii Infection

Mice in a number of university and research institute mouse colonies in Japan have been found to be infected with B. hinzii.

Burkholderia gladioli Infection

Chlamydia spp. Infection

Cilia-Associated Respiratory Bacillus Infection

Coxiella burnetii Infection

Klebsiella spp. Infection

Leptospira spp. Infection: Leptospirosis

Mycoplasma spp. Infections

Hemotropic Mycoplasma Infections

Pasteurella pneumotropica Infection

Proteus mirabilis Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

Streptobacillus moniliformis Infection

Other Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Aerococcus viridans Infection

Corynebacterium bovis Infection: Coryneform Hyperkeratosis; Scaly Skin Disease

Corynebacterium kutscheri Infection: Pseudotuberculosis

Staphylococcus spp. Infections

Streptococcus and Enterococcus Infections

Acid-Fast Bacterial Infections

Mycobacterium spp. Infections

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

Dermatophytosis

Systemic and Pulmonary Mycoses

Gastric Candidiasis

Encephalitozoon cuniculi Infection: Microsporidiosis

Pneumocystis murina Infection: Pneumocystosis

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR FUNGAL INFECTIONS

PARASITIC DISEASES

Protozoal Infections

Cryptosporidium spp. Infection: Cryptosporidiosis

Eimeria spp. Infection: Intestinal Coccidiosis

Giardia muris Infection: Giardiasis

Sarcocystis muris Infection

Spironucleus muris Infection: Spironucleosis

Helminth Infestations

Wild, and probably pet mice, may serve as hosts to numerous helminth species, but laboratory mice have a limited repertoire of helminth parasitisms, most notably pinworms and tapeworms.

Pinworm Infestations

Tapeworm Infestations

Ectoparasitic Infestations

Fur Mite Infestations: Acariasis

Follicle Mite Infestations

Ornithonyssus bacoti Infestation

Louse Infestation: Pediculosis

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR PARASITIC DISEASES

BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS

Behavior and behavioral aberrations are significant contributors to disease in the laboratory mouse.

Infertility

Male Aggression

Stereotypy

Barbering and Trichotillomania

Penis Self-Mutilation

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS

AGING, DEGENERATIVE, AND MISCELLANEOUS DISORDERS

Multisystemic Disorders

Dehydration

Hypothermia and Hyperthermia

Amyloidosis and Amyloid-Like Nasal Deposition

Soft Tissue Calcification: Cardiac Calcinosis/ Myocardial Calcification

Acidophilic Macrophage Pneumonia/ Epithelial Hyalinosis

Reye’s-Like Syndrome

Disorders of Skin

Disorders of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Polyarteritis

Pulmonary Histiocytosis/Lipoproteinosis/ Alveolar Proteinosis

Alveolar Hemorrhage

Aspiration Pneumonia

Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System Malocclusion

Malocclusion due to improperly aligned upper and lower incisor teeth may result in marked overgrowth, particularly of the lower incisors. This condition has a hereditary basis and is relatively common among B6 mice.

Foreign Body Periondontitis: Hair Tooth

Cleft Lip/Palate

Megaesophagus

Gastric Mucosal Hyperplasia

Diffuse mucosal hyperplasia of the glandular mucosa of the stomach has been observed periodically in immunodeficient mice. Its etiology is not known.

Liver Disorders

Mesenteric Disease

Disorders of the Endocrine System

Disorders of the Urogenital Systems GlomerulonephritisiGlomerulopathy

Inclusion Body Nephritis

Chloroform Toxicity

NSAIDS-Associated Nephropathy

Mucometra/Hydrometra

Murine Urologic Syndrome (MUS)

Bulbourethral Gland Cysts

Seminal Vesicular Dilatation and Atrophy

Flbro-Osseous Lesions in Aged Mice

Spinal Fracture and Posterior Paresis

Vertebral Disk Degeneration

Osteoarthritis and Osteopenia

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR AGING, DEGENERATIVE, AND MISCELLANEOUS DISORDERS

NEOPLASMS

The very origins of the laboratory mouse were promulgated by an interest in the genetic basis of cancer, and this interest has accelerated with GEMs.

Signature GEM Phenotypes: Molecular Pathology of Neoplasia

Nonlymphoid Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Mammary Neoplasia

Pulmonary Neoplasia

Hepatocellular Neoplasia

Harderian Gland Neoplasia

Myoepitheliomas

Neoplasia of the Reproductive System

Teratomas: Embryonal Carcinomas/ Teratocarcinomas

Mesenchymal Neoplasms Rhabdomyosarcomas

Other Neoplasms

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR NEOPLASMS

Rat

INTRODUCTION

ANATOMIC FEATURES

Hematology

Lymphoreticular System

Respiratory System

Gastrointestinal System

Urogenital System

Skeletal System

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR BEHAVIORAL AND ANATOMIC FEATURES

GENERAL REFERENCES ON DISEASES OF RATS

DNA VIRAL INFECTIONS

Rat Adenovirus Infection

Rat Cytomegalovirus Infection

Rat Papillomavirus Infection

Rat Polyomavirus Infection

Parvovirus Infections

Cowpox Virus Infection

RNA VIRAL INFECTIONS

Rat Coronavirus Infection: Sialodacryoadenitis

Hantavirus Infection

Rat Theilovirus Infection

Rotavirus Infection: Infectious Diarrhea of Infant Rats

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR VIRAL INFECTIONS

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

Rats are susceptible to a number of important bacterial pathogens. Recognizing that any scheme is imperfect and overlapping, the following text has been organized into 3 sections:

Mycoplasma pulmonis Infection: Murine Respiratory Mycoplasmosis

Primary Enteric Infections Campylobacter jejuni Infection

Clostridium difficile Infection

Enterococcus spp. Infection: Enterococcal Enteropathy

Helicobacter spp. Infections

Lawsonia intracellularis Infection

Other Bacterial Infections Corynebacterium kutscheri Infection: Pseudotuberculosis; Corynebacteriosis

Erysipelas rhusiopathiae Infection

Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection

Leptospira spp. Infection

Pasteurella pneumotropica Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection: Pseudomoniasis

Staphylococcus aureus Infection: Ulcerative Dermatitis

Streptobacillus moniliformis Infection: Rat Bite Fever

Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection: Pneumococcal or Diplococcal Infection

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

Aspergillus spp. Infection

Blastomyces dermatitidis Infection

Dermatophyte Infection: Dermatophytosis,Ringworm

Encephalitozoon cuniculi Infection

Pneumocystis carinii and Pneumocystis wakefieldiae Infections: Pneumocystosis

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS

PARASITIC DISEASES

In addition to the parasites outlined in this section, there are other parasites that are rarely seen in rats maintained in well-managed facilities.

Protozoal Infections

Cryptosporidium spp. Infection: Cryptosporidiosis

Helminth Infestations

Syphacia muris, Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera: Pinworms

Other Nematode Infestations

Wild rats are host to many nematodes that rarely infest laboratory rats, but there is ample evidence of wild rats serving as sources of laboratory rat infestations, generally through contamination of feed and bedding and occasionally through arthropod intermediate hosts, such as cockroaches.

Rodentolepis and Hymenolepis Infestations

Taenia taeniaformis Infestation

Arthropod Infestations

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR PARASITIC DISEASES

AGE-RELATED DISORDERS

Rats develop a myriad of age-related lesions. Several reviews provide encyclopedic coverage of noninfectious and neoplastic lesions of rats (see “General References on Diseases of Rats”).

Degenerative Changes in the Nervous System

Radiculoneuropathy

Alveolar Histiocytosis

Myocardial Degeneration/Fibrosis

Cardiac Valvular Angiectasis

Endocardial Spindle Cell Proliferation

Polyarteritis Nodosa

Aging Lesions of the Liver

Chronic Progressive Nephropathy

Nephrocalcinosis

Hydronephrosis

Renal Papillary Hyperplasia

MISCELLANEOUS DISORDERS

Auricular Chondropathy

Malocclusion

Hydrocephalus

Eosinophilic Granulomatous Pneumonia in Brown Norway Rats

ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS

Ringtail

Dehydration

High Environmental Temperature

Light Cycle Aberrations

Phototoxic Retinopathy and Cataracts

Conjunctivitis, Keratitis, and Other Corneal Lesions

Quality of Bedding

DRUG-RELATED DISORDERS

Ketamine-Xylazine Corneal Lesions

Chloral Hydrate Ileus

NSAIDS Renal Papillary and Tubular

Necrosis

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR AGE-, MISCELLANEOUS-, ENVIRONMENTAL- AND DRUG-RELATED DISORDERS

NEOPLASMS

Neoplasia is very common in rats, and aged rats are often simultaneously afflicted with multiple types of neoplasia.

Zymbal's Gland and Preputial Gland Tumors

Mammary Fibroadenoma

Mammary Adenocarcinoma

Lymphoreticular Tumors

Lymphoma and Lymphocytic Leukemia

Histiocytic Sarcoma

Pituitary Gland Adenoma

Mesothelioma

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR NEOPLASMS

Hamster

INTRODUCTION

ANATOMIC FEATURES

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR INTRODUCTION AND ANATOMIC FEATURES

DNA VIRAL INFECTIONS

Adenovirus Infection

Cytomegalovirus Infection: Cricetid Herpesvirus, CrHV-1

Papillomavirus Infections

Parvovirus Infection

Hamster Polyoma Virus Infection: Transmissible Lymphoma

RNA VIRAL INFECTIONS

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection

Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM) Infection

Other Virus Infections of Minimal

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR VIRAL INFECTIONS

BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS

Bacterial Enteric Infections

Campylobacter jejuni Infection

Clostridium piliforme Infection: Tyzzer’s Disease

Escherichia coli Infection

Helicobacter spp. Infection

Lawsonia intracellularis Infection: Proliferative Ileitis, Transmissible Ileal Hyperplasia

Salmonella enterica Infection

Other Bacterial Infections Corynebacterium spp. Infections

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS

PARASITIC DISEASES

Protozoal Infections

Hamsters are host to numerous enteric protozoa, which are often listed and discussed in reviews of parasites, but very few protozoa have any pathogenic significance in the hamster.

Cryptosporidium spp. Infections

Giardia muris Infection

Spironucleus muris Infection

Other Enteric Protozoa

Ectoparasitic Infestations Demodex spp. Infestation

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR PARASITIC DISEASES

NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC DISORDERS

Spontaneous Hemorrhagic Necrosis of the Central Nervous System of Fetal Hamsters

Diabetes Mellitus

Hyperadrenocorticism: Cushing’s-Like Syndrome

DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING

Amyloidosis