Sarcoptes scabei Infestion: Scabies
Sarcoptes scabiei is a burrowing mite that inhabits the superficial layers of the skin of multiple host species, including humans. Female mites tunnel into the cornified layers and lay eggs that hatch and develop into larvae and later into nymphs.
It is the feeding activity of these stages that evokes a hypersensitivity reaction, with subsequent hyperkeratosis, seborrhea, and hair loss. Alopecia with hyperkeratosis involving the face, nose, lips, ear margins, feet, abdomen, and external genitalia are typical presenting signs (Fig. 6.75 and 6.76). Pruritus is common, and self-mutilation may also occur. There is 1 report of an outbreak of sarcoptic mange in adult Holland lops rabbits with a concurrent yeast infection in the parasitized areas of the skin. The round to oval and budding forms of yeast were identified as members of the Malassezia spp. Diagnosis of sarcoptic mange is achieved by deep scrapings of affected skin, or by histopathology, in which mites can be visualized burrowing within the hyperkeratinized epidermis (Fig. 6.77). Notoedres cati has been found to cause cutaneous disease with a similar appearance and distribution as Sarcoptes in rabbits.
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