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Aspinall V., Capello M.. Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division,2004. — 252 p.. 2004

'Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy& Physiology' provides comprehensive coverage of this complex subject. The clear layout and explanatory illustrations ensure a good understanding of the fundamental principles of anatomy & physiology and how they relate to everyday clinical veterinary practice. This new anatomy and physiology textbook for veterinary-related professions provides accessible, well-written coverage of this complex subject. It begins with basic information, explaining fundamental concepts and principles before moving on to discussions of anatomical structures. Content focuses on small animals, using the dog as the main example, but also includes exotic species as required for pre-veterinary nursing and veterinary medicine courses of study. The clear layout, explanatory illustrations, and In Practice tips throughout the book help readers develop an excellent understanding of the material while demonstrating how specific points relate to everyday clinical scenarios. Content serves as an excellent foundation in veterinary anatomy and physiology that explains complicated facts in an easily understood way. Extensive line drawings and radiographs illustrate key points for maximum clarity. An illustrated outline of a dog appears at the bottom of appropriate pages to highlight which part of the anatomy relates to the discussion. In Practice tips relate anatomy theory to clinical practice. The authors are both highly regarded, experienced lecturers in this subject.

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
THE DOG AND CAT
PRINCIPLES OF CELL BIOLOGY
Anatomy and physiology are scientific terms used to describe the study of the structure of the body (anatomy) and how the body actually works' (physi­ology).
ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION
When studying any aspect of biology it is important to have a basic understanding of the classification sys­tem used to group animals.
Anatomical definitions
The basic plan of the body
THE CHEMISTRY OFTHE BODY
The cells, and therefore the tissues and organs which are all made of cells, are compost'd of chemicals.
Inorganic compounds
Connective tissue
The abdominal cavity
Applied anatomy
The shape of the skull, particularly in brachycephalic breeds such as the bulldog, can lead to a variety of clinical conditions, e.g. snoring respiration, difficulty in breathing.
The vertebrae
The ribs and sternum
The appendicular skeleton
The appendicular skeleton is composed of the pectoral (or fore) limb and the pelvic (or hind) Iimb and the shoulder and pelvic girdles which attach these to the bexly.
Bones of the forelimb (Fig. 3.1)
JOINTS
When one bone connects to another Ihey form an articulation, also known as an arthrosis or joint. Joints allow variable degrees of movement and can be categorised into one of three groups:
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
KEY POINTS
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
The muscular system includes all the skeletal or striated muscles within the body.
muscle Structure and function
Contraction
Muscle tone
Anatomy of a muscle
THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
To simplify lhe study of these muscles we can look at one area of lhe body al a lime.
Muscles of the head
Muscles of the hindlimb
KEY POINTS
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SPECIAL SENSES
The presence of a nervous system allows an animal to respond, in a coordinated manner, to both the demands of the external environment and the internal changes within its body.
Nervoustissue
Neuron structure
Generation of a nerve impulse
Classification of nerves
The spinal cord
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
This can be considered to consist almost entirely of visceral motor nerves supplying cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glandular tissue (including the liver and pancreas) of all the internal organs and of blood ves­sels.
THE EYEAND SIGHT
The eye is (he organ of sight. Photoreceptor cells adapted to respond to the stimulus of light are found in the innermost layer of the eye - the retina.
The eyeball mg. 5.∣4∣
THE EAR - HEARING AND BALANCE
Otitis externa, or infection of the ear canal, is a common condition in dogs and cats.
The external ear
The middle ear
The inner ear
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Pituitary gland
Thyroid glands
Parathyroid glands
Pancreas
Testes
Adrenal glands
KEY POINTS
the Bloodvascular system
The blood vascular system is made up of four parts:
Circulation of blood through the heart (Fig. 73)
Lymphatic tissues
Lungs
Thoracic cavity
The tongue
Theabdominal part of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The majority of Ihe digestive trad lies within the abdominal cavity and can be divided into three parts:
Stomach
Large intestine
THE URINARY SYSTEM
If the metabolic processes of the body are to function effectively, the chemical composition and volume of the tissue Iluid must be kept constant.
THE KIDNEY
There are two kidneys lying in the cranial abdominal cavity, one on each side of the midline ventral Io the lumbar hypaxial muscles (Fig. 10.1).
OTHER PARTS OFTHE URINARY SYSTEM
The ureters
The bladder
The urethra
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Repnxiuction is the means by which a species is able to perpetuate itself.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The male dog is known as a dog: the male cat is known as a tomcat.
The testis
Accessory glands
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The female dog is knowrn as a bitch: the female cat is known as a queen.
The ovary
The vulva
The mammary glands
THE OESTROUS CYCLE
The Ocstrous cycle is the rhythmic cycle of events that occurs in sexually mature non-pregnant female mam­mals and includes limited periods of sexual receptivity known as oestrus.
Ovary and reproductive tract
Hormonal changes
Behavioural changes and external signs
Development of the germ cell layers
KEY POINTS
THE COMMON INTEGUMENT
The term common integument refers to the outer cover­ing of the body.
THE SKIN
The skin covers the external surface of the bodv.
Skin structure
Skin glands
HAIR
The possession of hair or fur is a distinctive character­istic of mammals.
BIRDS
The birds are a unique group of vertebrates.
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
The skeleton of the bird (Fig. 1 3.1) is unlike that of any other group of animals and it has developed from the evolution of powered flight.
Main features
SPECIAL SENSES
The avian brain is larger in proportion to its body than all other vertebrates except mammals I Fig. 1 3.7l.
Main features
Main features
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Female (Fig. H. 14)
MAMMALS
THE RABBIT
Rabbits Ixdong to the mammalian order Lagomorpha.
Morphology
Musculoskeletal system
Respiratory system
MYOMORPH GROUP
Morphology
Reproductive system of myomorphs
Sciuromorph group
Chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus)
Hystricomorph group
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) Morphology
THE FERRET
Reproductive system
Sexual differentation
REPTILESAND FISH
REPTILES
The class Reptilia includes about 6 S(M) species, all of which breed on land.
General anatomy
FISH
REFERENCESAND I RECOMMENDED READING
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
INDEX
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