Clostridial Diseases

Rabbits are subject to several significant clostridial diseases, including enterotoxemia (C. difficile, C. per­fringens, and C. spiroforme), Tyzzer's disease (C. pili- forme), dysautonomia (C.

botulinum), and epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE) (C. perfringens alpha toxin). Clostridia are Gram-positive bacilli that reside in the gut and grow under anaerobic conditions. Several Clos­tridial species may be present in low numbers among the enteric microflora of normal rabbits, so that isola­tion of Clostridium does not necessarily implicate the etiology of the disease. Lesion distribution and mor­phology, histochemical stains, or toxin assays are needed to confirm the diagnosis. A number of non- pathogenic Clostridium spp. may also inhabit the rabbit intestine, which can affect accuracy of diagnosis based on culture or PCR.

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