Helicobacter spp. Infections
Although infections with Helicobacter spp. occur in laboratory rats, they have not assumed the importance of counterpart infections in the mouse. Species identified to date in the rat include Helicobacter bilis, Helicobacter trogontum, Helicobacter muridarum, and Helicobacter pul- lorum.
There is no evidence that any of the Helicobacter isolates currently identified produce disease in immunocompetent rats. In contrast, proliferative and ulcerative typhlitis, colitis, and proctitis have been observed in athymic nude rats naturally infected with H. bilis (Figs. 2.34 and 2.35). Intraperitoneal inoculation of this isolate into athymic rats produced similar lesions in the intestinal tract. Laboratory Brown Norway rats have been shown to be infected with H. pullorum. Experimental studies demonstrated that Brown Norway, but not Sprague-Dawley, rats were susceptible to experimental infection with H. pullorum. Based on data from diagnostic laboratories, the prevalence of Helicobacterpositive colonies of laboratory rats may approach 20%. Fecal PCR is generally used as a screening method to detect Helicobacter infections in rodents.
FIG. 2.33. Electron micrograph of small intestinal mucosa from a case of streptococcal (enterococcal) enteropathy. Note the prominent glycocalyx surrounding the bacteria and their relationship to the brush border.
FIG. 2.34. Helicobacter-associated colitis in an athymic rat with
thickening of the colon due to mucosal hyperplasia. (Source: J.M. Ward, Montgomery Village, MD. Reproduced with permission from J.M. Ward.)
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