Murine Urologic Syndrome (MUS)
Male mice are prone to obstructive uropathy that is associated with retention of ejaculated coagulum in the uretha. Acutely affected mice may be found dead. In acute cases, the urinary bladder is usually markedly distended with clear yellow urine.
Dull white, firm, proteinaceous plugs are often evident in the neck of the urinary bladder and proximal urethra. In subacute and chronic forms of the syndrome, clinical signs may vary from dribbling of urine and wetting of the perineal region to cellulitis with ulceration of the preputial area. Paraphimosis is a variable finding. In chronic cases, the bladder may be distended with cloudy urine and/or calculi. The vesicular glands are sometimes distended with inspissated material, and there may be some evidence of hydronephrosis. It seems to be particularly common in older male B6C3F1 and ICR mice. On microscopic examination of acute cases, amorphous eosinophilic material containing spermatozoa may be present in the proximal urethra, with mild to minimal inflammatory response. In chronic obstruction, there may be varying manifestations of inflammatory response, such as prostatitis, cystitis, urethritis, and balanoposthitis. Differential diagnoses include bacterial cystitis and pyelonephritis, as well as agonal ejaculation at death, which must be differentiated from antemortem urinary obstruction. Careful microscopic examination for evidence of urethral inflammation near the coagulum is warranted. Urinary obstruction can occur as a result of fighting injuries or self-induced trauma to the external genitalia, as well as in male mice following seizures.
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