Pulmonary Histiocytosis/Lipoproteinosis/ Alveolar Proteinosis
Focal accumulations of foamy lipid-laden macrophages are occasionally observed in the peripheral (particularly subplural) regions in the lung of aging mice of all types. Some of the macrophages may contain cholesterol crystalloid material.
These changes can follow focal pulmonary hemorrhage, and hemoglobin crystals may also be present in the area. These lesions are rare in SPF mice. Alveolar lipoproteinosis is another more severe condition, in which there is progressive intra-alveolar accumulation of granular pale eosinophilic phospholipid (surfactant), with hypertrophy and vacuolation of type II pneumocytes, and mobilization of scattered macrophages with vacuolated cytoplasm. Experimental manipulations (e.g., inhalation of toxic aerosols) are frequently used to produce lesions of this type. To add to the confusion of this complex, there appears to be considerable overlap in the interpretation and terminology affixed to these changes, and they may overlap with acidophilic macrophage pneumonia.
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