Dermatophyte Infection: Dermatophytosis,Ringworm
Recognized infections with dermatophytes are relatively rare in contemporary laboratory rats, although infection appears to occur more frequently in wild and pet rats. Dermatophyte infections in rats are most commonly caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which poses a zoonotic risk to human handlers.
In confirmed outbreaks of the disease, patterns vary from subclinical carriers to rats with florid skin lesions. Lesions, when present, are most frequently observed on the neck, back, and at the base of the tail. There is patchy hair loss, and affected areas of skin are usually raised, erythematous, dry to moist, and pustular in appearance. On microscopic examination, hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, and leukocytic infiltration in the underlying dermis with folliculitis are typical findings. Arthrospores investing hair shafts may be seen on H & E-stained tissue sections, but the fungi are better demonstrated with PAS or methenamine silver stains (Fig. 2.44). The skin scrapings with wet mount preparations in 10% KOH and fungal culture are recommended procedures.
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