Systemic and Pulmonary Mycoses
Systemic mycosis is rare in immunocompetent mice, but is rising in importance among GEMs. A single case of Cryptococcus neoformans, a single case as well as outbreaks of Candida tropicalis, and a single case of Actinomyces sp.
(presumptive, based upon morphology) have been reported in immunocompetent mice. Fungal hyphae may be found incidentally in microscopic sections of the nasal passages of mice, associated with chronic inflammation. Contaminated bedding is a possible source for a variety of fungal agents, including C. albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Spontaneous fungal infections posed a significant risk to B6.129S6-Cybbtm1Dm mice, which have defective NADPH oxidase. Chronic granulomatous disease, particularly in the lungs, was associated with Paecilomyces sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus sp., and Candida guilliermondii. Likewise, B6-p47(phox) null mice, which are also defective in NADPH oxidase, have been reported to develop pyogra- nulomata in lung, liver, lymph nodes, salivary gland, and skin, from which Trichosporon beigelii was cultured. Mice that lack NADPH oxidase function through null mutation of gp91 (phox) developed pulmonary infections with Paecilomyces variotii. Another colony of p47 phox null mice with a concomitant gamma interferon mutation was found to develop granulomatous pneumonia in association with Aspergillus terreus. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF-1) null mice have been found to develop granulomatous gastritis, with fungal hyphae consistent with Zygomycetes sp.
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