Harderian Gland Neoplasia
Naturally occurring tumors of the Harderian lacrimal gland are slow-growing neoplasms and appear late in life. The incidence of Harderian gland tumors can be increased with irradiation or the administration of chemical carcinogens.
At necropsy, there may be protrusion of the eye on the affected side, accompanied by porphyrin staining of the periocular hair (Fig. 1.135). These tumors typically consist of a lobulated, resilient, light tan to white mass in the retro-orbital space. Microscopically, the tumors are usually papillary cystadenomas or solid adenomas and are composed of relatively well-differentiated epithelial cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. Harderian gland adenocarcinomas may also occur (Fig. 1.136) and tend to be highly invasive, with blunt infiltration of bone and other structures of the head. They tend to be less well differentiated and may metastasize to other sites, such as lung.
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