References
Almes K.M., Heaney A.M., Andrews G.A. (2008) Intracardiac ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma in a dog. Vet Pathol 45:500504.
Arenas C., Perez-Alenza D., Melian C. (2013) Clinical features, outcome and prognostic factors in dogs diagnosed with non-cortisol-secreting adrenal tumours without adrenalectomy: 20 cases (19942009).
Vet Rec 173:501.Aresu L., Tursi M., Iussich S. et al. (2006) Use of S-100 and chromogranin A antibodies as immunohistochemical markers on detection of malignancy in aortic body tumors in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 68:12291233.
Baek Y., Ang M.J., Park J. et al. (2019) Canine adrenocorticotrophic hormone-producing sinusoidal neuroendocrine tumor associated with Cushings disease. J Vet Med Sci 81:18631867.
Barthez P.Y., Marks S.L., Woo J. et al. (1997) Pheochromocytomas in dogs: 61 cases (19841995). J Vet Intern Med 11:272278.
Baum J.I., Boston S.E., Case J.B. (2016) Prevalence of adrenal gland masses as incidental findings during abdominal computed tomography in dogs: 270 cases (20132014). J Am Vet Med Assoc 249:11651169.
Berger B., Feldman E.C. (1987) Primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs: 21 cases (19761986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:350356.
Bertazzolo W., Didier M., Gelain M.E. et al. (2014) Accuracy of cytology in distinguishing adrenocortical tumors from pheochromocytoma in companion animals. Vet Clin Pathol 43:453459.
Bertolini G., Drigo M., Angeloni L. et al. (2017) Incidental and nonincidental canine thyroid tumors assessed by multidetector row computed tomography: A single-centre cross sectional study in 4520 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasoun 58:304314.
Boes K., Messick J., Green H. et al. (2009a) What is your diagnosis? Impression smear from an intracardiac mass in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 39:119120.
Boes K., Zimmerman K., Saunders G. et al. (2009b) What is your diagnosis? Shoulder mass in a dog with lameness.
Vet Clin Pathol 38:511515.Boland L.A., Barrs V.R. (2017) Peculiarities of feline hyperadrenocorticism update on diagnosis and treatment. J Feline Med Surg 19:933947.
Broome M.R., Peterson M.E., Walker J.R. (2014) Clinical features and treatment outcomes of 41 dogs with sublingual ectopic thyroid neoplasia. J Vet Intern Med 28:15601568.
Brown P.J., Rema A., Gartner F. (2003) Immunohistochemical characteristics of canine aortic and carotid body tumours. J Am Vet Med Assoc 50:140144.
Buergelt C.D., Das K.M. (1968) Aortic body tumor in a cat: A case report. Vet Pathol 5:8490.
Buishand F.O. (2022) Current trends in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of canine insulinoma. Vet Sci 9:540.
Burti S., Zotti A., Rubini G. et al. (2022) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings of focal pancreatic lesions in dogs. Vet Rec 191:e2080.
Campos M., Ducatelle R., Rutteman et al. (2014) Clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical prognostic factors in dogs with thyroid carcinoma. J Vet Intern Med 28(6):18051813.
Carakostas M.C., Kennedy G.A., Kittleson M.D. et al. (1979) Malignant foregut carcinoid tumor in a domestic cat. Vet Pathol 16:607609.
Cavana P., Vittone V., Capucchio M.T. et al. (2006) Parathyroid adenocarcinoma in a nephropathic Persian cat. J Feline Med Surg 8:340344.
Caywood D.D., Wilson J.W., Hardy R.M. et al. (1988) Pancreatic insulin-secreting neoplasms: Clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic features in 73 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:577584.
Cervone M., Harel M., Segard-Weisse E. et al. (2019) Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the detecting of a feline insulinoma. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep:17.
Ciaputa R., Nowak M., Kandefer-Gola M. et al. (2014) Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of follicular-compact thyroid carcinoma in dog. Folia Histochem Cyto 52:157161.
Coady M., Fletcher D.J., Goggs R. (2019) Severity of ionized hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia is associated with etiology in dogs and cats.
Front Vet Sci 6:276.Cook M.R., Gasparini M., Cianciolo R.E. et al. (2022) Clinical outcomes of thyroid tumours with concurrent epithelial and mesenchymal components in 14 dogs (20062020). Vet Med Sci 8:509516.
Daniel G., Mahony O.M., Markovich J.E. et al. (2016) Clinical findings, diagnostics and outcome in 33 cats with adrenal neoplasia (20022013). J Feline Med Surg 18:7784.
Erickson A.K., Regier P.J., Watt M.M. et al. (2021) Incidence, survival time, and surgical treatment of parathyroid carcinomas in dogs: 100 cases (20102019). J Am Vet Med Assoc 259:13091317.
Feldman E.C., Hoar B., Pollard R. et al. (2005) Pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism: 210 cases (19872004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:756761.
Friedenberg S.G., Brown D.L., Meurs K.M. et al. (2018) Lymphocyte subsets in the adrenal glands of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Vet Pathol 55:177181.
Galgano M., Spalla I., Callegari C. et al. (2014) Primary hypothyroidism and thyroid goiter in an adult cat. J Vet Intern Med 28:682686.
Gear R.N.A., Neiger R., Skelly B.J.S. et al. (2005) Primary hyperparathyroidism in 29 dogs: Diagnosis, treatment, outcome and associated renal failure. J Small Anim Pract 46:1016.
Giannasi C., Rushton S., Rook A. et al. (2021) Canine thyroid carcinoma prognosis following the utilisation of computed tomography assisted staging. Vet Rec e55. 189(1): e55.
Gifford C.H., Morris A.P., Kenney K.J. et al. (2020) Diagnosis of insulinoma in a Maine Coon cat. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep:110.
Giles R.C., Hildebrandt P.K., Montgomery C.A. (1974) Carcinoid tumor in the small intestines of a dog. Vet Pathol 11:340349.
Gilson S.D., Withrow S.J., Wheeler S.L. et al. (1994) Pheochromocytoma in 50 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 8:228232.
Gostelow R., Bridger N., Syme H.M. (2013) Plasma-free metanephrine and free normetanephrine measurement for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 27:8390.
Gregor K.M., Knebel A., Haverkamp A. et al. (2022) Metastatic canine phaeochromocytoma with unusual manifestation. J Comp Path 192:3340.
Griffin S. (2021) Feline abdominal ultrasonography: Whats normal? Whats abnormal The adrenal glands. J Feline Med Surg 23:3349.
Grubor B., Haynes J.S. (2005) Thyroid carcinosarcoma in a dog. Vet Pathol 42:8487.
Guerios S.D., de Melo Souza C.H., Bacon N.J. (2015) Adrenocortical tumor in a cat secreting more than one type of corticosteroid. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep:15.
Hardcastle M.R., Meyer J., McSporran K.D. (2013) Pathology in practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 242:175177.
Hawkins K.L., Summers B.A., Kuhajda F.P. et al. (1987) Immunocytochemistry of normal pancreatic islets and spontaneous islet cell tumors in dogs. Vet Pathol 24:170179.
Hayes H.M., Sass B. (1988) Chemoreceptor neoplasia: A study of the epidemiological features of 357 canine cases. J Vet Med Series A 35:401408.
Hofmeister E., Kippenes H., Mealey K.L. et al. (2001) Functional cystic thyroid adenoma in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:190193.
Ichikawa M., Suzuki S., Tei M. et al. (2018) Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor originating from the adrenal gland in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 80:15721575.
Jackson T.C., Debey B., Lindbloom-Hawley S. et al. (2009) Cellular and molecular characterization of a feline insulinoma. J Vet Intern Med 23:383387.
Janus I., Nowak M., Noszczyk-Nowak A. et al. (2016) Epidemiological and pathological features of primary cardiac tumors in dogs from Poland in 19702014. Acta Vet Hung 64:90102.
Joudrey S.D., Robinson D.A., Blair R. et al (2015) Perianal neuroendocrine tumor with suspected lymph node metastasis causing colonic compression and subsequent megacolon. Can Vet J 56:240244.
Kallet A.J., Richter K.P., Feldman E.C. et al. (1991) Primary hyperparathyroidism in cats: Seven cases (19841989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:17671771.
Kooistra H.S. (2020) Primary hyperaldosteronism in cats an underdiagnosed disorder.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 50:10531063.La Perle K.M.D. (2011) Endocrine system. In: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 5th edn. (eds. M.D. McGavin, J.F. Zachary) Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, pp. 660697.
Labelle P., De Cock H.E.V. (2005) Metastatic tumors to the adrenal glands in domestic animals. Vet Pathol 42:5258.
Labelle P., Kyles A.E., Farver T.B. et al. (2004) Indicators of malignancy of canine adrenocortical tumors: Histopathology and proliferation index. Vet Pathol 41:490497.
Lamoureux A., Fournet A., Hahn H.M. et al. (2019) Primary hyperparathyroidism due to cystic parathyroid adenoma in a cat. Open Vet J 9:109113.
Lane M., Larson J., Hecht S. et al. (2016) Medical management of gastrinoma in a cat. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep. 2(1): 17.
Leav I., Schiller A.L., Rijnberk A. et al. (1976) Adenomas and carcinomas of the canine and feline thyroid. Am J Pathol 83:61122.
Lurye J.C., Behrend E.N. (2001) Endocrine tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 31:10831110.
Lyssens A., van den Berg M.F., Peremans K. et al. (2020) 131 treatment in dogs with hyperthyroidism cause by a non-resectable ectopic thyroid tumour: 5 cases (20082019). J Small Anim Pract 62:137144.
Machida T., Machida N. (2020) Invasion of pheochromocytoma from the caudal vena cava to the right ventricular cavity in a dog. Case Rep Vet Med 2020:5382687.
Marcotte L., McConkey S.E., Hanna P. et al. (2004) Malignant adrenal neuroblastoma in a young dog. Can Vet J 45:773776.
Maurin M., Davies D., Jahns H. et al. (2019) Non-functional thyroid cystadenoma in three boxer dogs. BMC Vet Res 15:228.
McPhetridge J.B., Scharf V.F., Regier P.J. et al. (2022) Distribution of histopathologic types of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs and outcome of affected dogs: 340 cases (20102019). J Am Vet Med Assoc 260:234243.
Meachem M.D., Wobeser B.K. (2016) Whats your diagnosis? Multiple hepatic masses in a cat. Vet Clin Pathol 45:509510.
Mestrinho L.A., Marques M.I., Jesus S. et al. (2019) Surgical excision of an adrenal neuroblastoma in a dog. Front Vet Sci 6:161.
Michishita M., Takagi M., Kishimoto T.E. et al. (2017) Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma with exocrine differentiation in a cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 29:325330.
Miller M.A. (2017) Endocrine system. In: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 6th edn. (ed. J.F. Zachary) Elsevier, St. Louis, pp. 682723.
Miller M.L., Peterson M.E., Randolph J.F. et al. (2017) Thyroid cysts in cats: A retrospective study of 40 cases. J Vet Intern Med 31:723729.
Morrell C.N., Volk M.V., Mankowski J.L. (2002) A carcinoid tumor in the gallbladder of a dog. Vet Pathol 39:756758.
Naan E.C., Kirpensteijn J., Kooistra H.S. et al. (2006) Results of thyroidectomy in 101 cats with hyperthyroidism. Vet Surg 35:287293.
Nadolski A.C., Markovich J.E., Jennings S.H. et al. (2016) Mammary development, hyperestrogenemia, and hypocortisolemia in a male cat with an adrenal cortical carcinoma. Can Vet J 57:10771080.
Nakahira R., Michishita M., Yoshimura H. et al. (2015) Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the mammary gland in a dog. J Comp Pathol 152:188191.
Nakagaki K.Y.R., Nunes M.M., Garcia A.P.V. et al. (2021) Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the canine mammary gland: Histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Front Vet Sci 7:621714.
Nakagaki K.Y.R., Nunes M.M., Garcia A.P.V. et al. (2022) Solid carcinoma of the canine mammary gland: A histological type or tumor cell arrangement? J Comp Pathol 190:112.
Newman S.J., Yanez R.A., Kiupel M. (2022) Mixed medullary and follicular cell thyroid carcinoma in a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 34:960963.
Norsworthy G.D., Adams V.J., McElhaney M.R. et al. (2002) Palpable thyroid and parathyroid nodules in asymptomatic cats. J Feline Med Surg 4:145151.
Obradovich J.E., Withrow S.J., Powers B.E. et al. (1992) Carotid body tumors in the dog: Eleven cases (19781988). J Vet Intern Med 6:96101.
OBrien K.M., Bankoff B.J., Rosenstein P.K. et al. (2021) Clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 13 cases of canine gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 33:294299.
Paltrinieri S., Riccaboni P., Rondena M. et al. (2004) Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in a feline aortic body tumor. Vet Pathol 41:195198.
Parker V.J., Gilor C., Chew D.J. (2015) Feline hyperparathyroidism pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of primary and secondary disease. J Feline Med Surg 17:427439.
Patnaik A.K. (1992) A morphologic and immunocytochemical study of hepatic neoplasms in cats. Vet Pathol 29:405415.
Patnaik A.K., Hurvitz A.I., Johnson G.F. (1980a) Canine intestinal adenocarcinoma and carcinoid. Vet Pathol 17:149163.
Patnaik A.K., Hurvitz A.I., Lieberman P.H. (1980b) Canine hepatic neoplasms: A clinicopathologic study. Vet Pathol 17:553564.
Patnaik A.K., Lieberman P.H. (1981) Canine goblet-cell carcinoid. Vet Pathol 18:410413.
Patnaik A.K., Lieberman P.H. (1991) Gross, histologic, cytochemical and immunocytochemical study of medullary thyroid carcinoma in sixteen dogs. Vet Pathol 28:223233.
Peterson M.E. (2015) Primary goitorous hypothyroidism in a young adult domestic longhair cat: Diagnosis and treatment monitoring. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep. 1(2) : 17.
Pey P., Diana A., Rossi F. et al. (2020) Safety of percutaneous ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of adrenal lesions in dogs: Perception of the procedure by radiologists and presentation of 50 cases. J Vet Intern Med 34:626635.
Phillips D.E., Radlinsky M.G., Fischer J.R. et al. (2003) Cystic thyroid and parathyroid lesions in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:349354.
Pollard R.E., Bohannon L.K., Feldman E.C. (2015) Prevalence of incidental thyroid nodules in ultrasound studies of dogs with hypercalcemia (20082013). Vet Radiol Ultrasoun 56:6367.
Renschler J.S., Dean G.A. (2009) What is your diagnosis? Abdominal mass aspirate in a cat with an increased Na:K ratio. Vet Clin Pathol 38:6972.
Renzi A., Sabattini S., DAnnunzio G. et al. (2022) Multiorgan metastases with massive bone involvement of a medullary thyroid carcinoma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol:15.
Rich A.F., Piviani M., Swales H. et al. (2019) Bilateral thyroid carcinosarcoma in a cat. J Comp Pathol 171:2429.
Robben J.H., Pollak Y.W., Kirpensteijn J. et al. (2005) Comparison of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography for detection and localization of canine insulinoma. J Vet Intern Med 19:1522.
Roberts E., Dobromylskyj M.J. (2022) Histopathological evaluation of the adrenal glands in a cat with primary hypoadrenocorticism and multiple endocrine disease. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep:15.
Romine J.F., Kozicki A.R., Elie M.S. (2016) Primary adrenal lymphoma causing hypoaldosteronism in a cat. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep. 2(2): 16.
Rossmeisl J.H., Forrester S.D., Robertson J.L. et al. (2002) Chronic vomiting associated with a gastric carcinoid in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:6166.
Sako T., Uchida E., Okamoto M. et al. (2003) Immunohistochemical evaluation of a malignant intestinal carcinoid in a dog. Vet Pathol 40:212215.
Salesov E., Boretti F.S., Sieber-Ruckstuhl N.S. et al. (2015) Urinary and plasma catecholamines and metanephrines in dogs with pheochromocytoma, hypercortisolism, nonadrenal disease and in healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med 29:597602.
Sawyer E.S., Northrup N.C., Schmiedt C.W. et al. (2011) Outcome of 19 dogs with parathyroid carcinoma after surgical excision. Vet Comp Oncol 10:5764.
Skinner O.T., Souza C.H.deM., Kim D.Y. (2021) Metastasis to ipsilateral medial retropharyngeal and deep cervical lymph nodes in 22 dogs with thyroid carcinoma. Vet Surg 50:150157.
Soares L.M.C., Pereira A.H.B., de Campos C.G. et al. (2020) Histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of thyroid carcinoma in the dog. J Comp Pathol 177:3441.
Sokolowska J., Cywińska A., Puchalska M. (2022) Comparative histology of C thyrocytes in four domestic animal species: Dog, pig, horse and cattle. Animals 12:1324.
Soo Choi U., Alleman A.R., Choi J. et al. (2008) Cytologic and immunohistochemical characterization of a lung carcinoid in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 37:249252.
Soo Choi U., Arndt T. (2016) Endocrine/Neuroendocrine system. In Canine and Feline Cytology: A Color Atlas and Interpretation Guide. 3rd edn. (eds. R.E. Raskin, D.J. Meyer) Elsevier, St. Louis, pp. 430452.
Sozmen M., Devrim T., Kuruca N. et al. (2020) Primary unilateral small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney in a dog. J Comp Pathol 176:7175.
Sumner J.A., Lacorcia L., Rose A.M. et al. (2018) Clinical safety of percutaneous ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of adrenal gland lesions in 19 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 59:357363.
Swainson S.W., Nelson O.L., Niyo Y. et al. (2000) Radiographic diagnosis: Mediastinal parathyroid cyst in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:4143.
Sykes G.P., Cooper B.J. (1982) Canine intestinal carcinoids. Vet Pathol 19:120131.
Thompson E.J., Stirtzinger T., Lumsden J.H. et al. (1980) Fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of canine thyroid carcinoma. Can Vet J 21:186188.
Tobin R.L., Nelson R.W., Lucroy M.D. et al. (1999) Outcome of surgical versus medical treatment of dogs with beta cell neoplasia: 39 cases (19901997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:226230.
Tursi M., Iussich S., Prunotto M. et al. (2005) Adrenal myelolipoma in a dog. Vet Pathol 42:232235.
Uzal F.A., Plattner B.L., Hostetter J.M. (2015) Alimentary system. In: Jubb, Kennedy and Palmers Pathology of Domestic Animals, Vol. 2, 6th edn. (ed. M.G. Maxie) Elsecier, St. Louis, pp. 1257.
Virtanen J.K., Molsä S.H., Hagner K.A. et al. (2020) Primary hyperparathyroidism caused by bilateral parathyroid cystic carcinoma in a cat. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep. 6(2): 16.
Vuong K.S., Aoki K. (2021) A multi-organ infection involving a left adrenal gland abscess in a diabetic dog. Can Vet J 62:154159.
Waters C.B., Scott-Moncrieff J.C.R. (2002) Cancer of endocrine organs. In: Cancer in Dogs and Cats: Medical and Surgical Management, 2nd edn. (ed. W.B. Morrison) Teton NewMedia, Jackson, pp. 573609.
Wucherer K.L., Wilke V. (2010) Thyroid cancer in dogs: An update based on 638 cases (19952005). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 46:249254.
Yates W.D.G., Lester S.J., Mills J.H.L. (1980) Chemoreceptor tumors diagnosed at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine 19671979. Can Vet J 21:124129.
Yu Y., Bovenhuis H., Wu Z. et al. (2021) Deleterious mutations in the TPO gene associated with familial thyroid follicular cell carcinoma in Dutch German longhaired pointers. Genes 12:997.
Yu Y., Krupa A., Keesler R.I. et al. (2022) Familial follicular cell thyroid carcinomas in a large number of Dutch German longhaired pointers. Vet Comp Oncol 20:227234.
Zi E., Lunardi F., Zanetti R. et al. (2016) Endocrine pancreas in cats with diabetes mellitus. Vet Pathol 53:136144.