1 SOME WILDLIFE RELATED EMERGING DISEASES (WIREDS) IN EUROPE
Name of disease Species of wildlife affected Notes on possible sources of emergence or if disease
probably historically present but not detected due to lack of surveillance
(a) anthroprogenic (not domesticated animals);
(d) infection from domesticated animals;
(ls) lack of surveillance;
(unkn) unknown (mutational);
(ow) infection from other wild species
| VIRAL DISEASES | ||
| Hedgehog herpesvirus infection | hedgehog | ls |
| Cervid herpesvirus infections | red deer and reindeer | unkn |
| High path avian influenza | mute swans, other waterbirds | unkn mutational |
| Pigeon paramyxovirus infection | pigeons, other species | ow |
| Rabbit haemorrhagic disease | European wild rabbit | unkn mutational and d |
| European brown hare syndrome | brown and mountain hare | unkn mutational, ls |
| Calicivirus infection of seals | seal species | unkn |
| European bat lyssavirus infection | Myotis sp. bats | ls |
| Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals | common seal | unkn, ow? |
| Canine distemper virus | red fox primarily | unkn |
| Blue tongue disease | roe deer | d and a |
| West Nile fever | raptors, magpie | unkn |
| Usutu virus infection | blackbird, owls | unkn |
| Pestivirus infection of chamois | Pyrenean chamois | d |
| Aleutian disease | mink,otter, | d? |
| Porcine parvovirus infection in boar | wild boar | d? |
| Squirrelpoxvirus disease | red squirrel | ow + a |
| Myxomatosis | European rabbit | ow + a |
| Adenovirus infection of squirrels | red squirrel | ls |
| Feline leukaemia | Iberian lynx | d |
| Hantavirus | voles | ls |
(Continued)
Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals and Birds in Europe, First Edition. Edited by Dolores Gavier-Widen, J.
Paul Duff, and Anna Meredith. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Published 2012 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Material authored by Paul Duff remains Crown Copyright.
| Name of disease | Species of wildlife affected | Notes on possible sources of emergence or if disease probably historically present but not detected due to lack of surveillance (a) anthroprogenic (not domesticated animals); (d) infection from domesticated animals; (ls) lack of surveillance; (unkn) unknown (mutational); (ow) infection from other wild species |
| Ljungan virus | voles | ls |
| Hepatitis E | wild boar | d? |
| African swine fever | wild boar | d |
| BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES | ||
| Bovine tuberculosis | badger, deer, wild boar | d |
| Brucella in aquatic mammals | several aquatic mammal species | ls |
| Borreliosis | several species including humans | ls + unkn? |
| Salmonellosis | passerine birds | d? + a? |
| Avian botulism | waterbirds | unkn |
| Necrotic enteritis | swans and geese | a |
| Suttonella sp. infection | paridae/tits | ls |
| Adiaspiromycosis | otters, other mammals | ls |
| Gangrenous ergotism | moose | ls |
Notes
1. WiREDS here defined as an emerging disease in Europe or a significant change in a disease (WiREDS = Wildlife Related Emerging DiseaseS).
2. The majority of the diseases selected cause significant mortality in wildlife, domesticated animals or human populations.