Bibliographical Essay

The best single-volume treatment of the full history of the crusading movement written in English, in no small part because of its extensive bibliographical essay, remains Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A History, 3rd edn (London: Bloomsbury, 2014; 4th edn forthcoming) though the narrative in Christopher Tyerman's God's War: A New History of the Crusades (Cambridge MA: The Belknap Press, 2006) is compelling.

A short Open Access history for general readers is Susanna A. Throop, The Crusades: An Epitome (Leeds: Kismet Press, 2018). On historiographical debates about the crusades, see Norman Housley's Contesting the Crusades (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006) and Christopher Tyerman's The Debate on the Crusades (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2011). For Christian violence through the early and central Middle Ages, see David S. Bachrach, Religion and the Conduct of War, c. 300-1215 (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2003) on Christian warfare and Katherine Allen Smith, War and the Making of Medieval Monastic Culture (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2013) on the connection between war and monasticism. There are a number of recent studies of particular ideological strands present in the twelfth-century crusades, including Elizabeth Lapina, Warfare and the Miraculous in the Chronicles of the First Crusade (University Park: Penn State University Press, 2015), William J. Purkis, Crusading Spirituality in the Holy Land and Iberia, c. 1095-c. 1187 (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2014), Jay Rubenstein, Armies of Heaven: The First Crusade and the Quest for Apocalypse (New York: Basic Books, 2011) and Susanna A. Throop, Crusading as an Act of Vengeance, 1095-1216 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011). Much less workhas been done on ideas of crusading in the later Middle Ages, though see Nancy Bisaha, Creating East and West: Renaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), Norman Housley, Crusading and the Ottoman Threat, 1453-1505 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), Housley (ed.), Crusading in the Fifteenth Century: Message and Impact (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004); Housley, Religious Warfare in Europe 1400-1536 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), Housley, The Later Crusades, 1274-1580: From Lyons to Alcazar (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992) and Sylvia Schein, Fideles Crucis: The Papacy, the West, and the Recovery of the Holy Land, 1274-1314 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992). On connections between crusading and other kinds of Christian violence and identity in later medieval England and France, see M.

Cecilia Gaposchkin, The Making of Saint Louis: Kingship, Sanctity, and Crusade in the Later Middle Ages (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010) and Timothy Guard, Chivalry, Kingship and Crusade: The English Experience in the Fourteenth Century (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2013). Discussion of the imitatio Christi is extensive; see first (for crusading) Purkis, Crusading Spirituality and (more broadly) Alasdair A. Macdonald, H. N. Bernhard Ridderbos and R. M. Schlusemann (eds.), The Broken Body: Passion Devotion in Late-Medieval Culture (Groningen: Egbert Forsten, 1998). On the military orders, see first Alain Demurger, Chevaliers du Christ: les ordres religieux-militaires du Moyen Age (Paris: Seuil, 2002), Helen Nicholson, The Knights Templar: A New History (Phoenix Mill: Sutton, 2001) and Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c. 1070-1309 (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012). On First Crusade violence against Jews, see first Robert Chazan, In the Year 1096: TheJews and the First Crusade (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1996) and Jeremy Cohen, Sanctifying the Name of God: Jewish Martyrs and Jewish Memories of the First Crusade (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006). On cruelty, see Daniel Baraz, Medieval Cruelty: Changing Perceptions, Late Antiquity to the Early Modern Period (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003). Readers interested in crusading violence are also encouraged to consult the bibliographies for Chapters 21 and 23 in this volume.

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Source: Gordon Matthew, Kaeuper Richard, Zurndorfer Harriet (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Violence. Volume 2: AD 500-AD 1500. Cambridge University Press,2020. — 696 p.. 2020

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