Bibliographical Essay

The issue of violence in the Middle East has been mostly analysed within the framework of security or war studies. One could, however, mention Nadine Meouchy and Peter Sluglett's The British and French Mandates in Comparative Perspectives (Leiden: Brill, 2004), J.-D.

Mizrahi, Genese de l'Etat mandataire: service de renseignement et bandes armees en Syne et au Liban dans les annees 1920 (Paris: Publication de la Sorbonne, 2003), Guilain Denoeux's early book of 1993, Urban Unrest in the Middle East: A Comparative Study of Informal Networks in Egypt, Iran and Lebanon (Albany: State University of New York Press), and Quintan Wictorowicz's edited volume of 2004, Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach (Bloomington: Indiana University Press), with Charles Tilly's introduction.

D. Garnham and M. Tessler (eds.), Democracy, War and Peace in the Middle East (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995) also analyses the phenomenon of violence in the broader context of power relations and violence of war. Muhammed M. Hafez's critical book Why Muslims Rebel? Repression and Resistance in the Islamic World (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2003) constitutes an important survey of the pre- and post-9/11 violence in the Arab world and beyond. Franck Mermier and Christophe Varin (eds.), Memoires de guerre au Liban (1975-1990) (Arles: Sindbad, 2010), M. L Sifry and C. Cerf, The Iraq War Reader: History, Documents, Opinions (New York: Touchstone, 2003) and Dina Rizk Khoury, Iraq in Wartime: Soldiering, Martyrdom, and Remembrance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013) are well-documented volumes.

The Palestinian issue has been widely dealt with by scholars such as E. R. Rogan and A. Shlaim (eds.), The War in Palestine: Rewriting History of 1948 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001). A few monographs in French on the specific issues of violence in the history of the Arab Middle East include B.

Dupret, Lephenomene de la violence politique: perspectives comparatistes et paradigme egyptien (Cairo: CEDEJ, 1994), P. Haenni, L'ordre des caids: conjurer la dissidence urbaine au Caire (Paris: Karthala, 2005), Hamit Bozarslan, Une histoire de la violence au Moyen-Orient de la fin de l'Empire ottoman a al-Qaida (Paris: La Decouverte, 2008) and Pierre Blanc and Jean-Paul Chagnollaud, Violence et politique au Moyen-Orient (Paris: Sciences-Po, 2014). On Algeria see Luis Martinez, La guerre civile en Algerie: 1990-1998 (Paris: Karthala, 1998) and A. Moussaoui, De la violence en Algerie: les lois du chaos (Arles: Actes Sud, 2006). And on Turkey, see Benjamin Gourisse, La violence politique en Turquie: l'etat enjeu (1975-1980) (Paris: Karthala, 2014). Although non-scholarly essays, Adel Bari Atwan's work on al-Qaida, After Ben Laden. Al-Qa'ida: The Next Generation (London: Saqi, 2012), and Patrick Cockburn's monograph on ISIS, The Rise of Islamic State: ISIS and the New Sunni Revolution (London: Verso, 2014), are extremely useful. Worth consulting also are N. Argo, Human Bombs: Rethinking Religion and Terror (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006), P. L. Bergen, Holy War Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden (New York: Touchstone, 2002), J. M. Davis, Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance and Despair in the Middle East (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) and L. Wright, The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006).

One should also mention the importance of International Crisis Group's reports on Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen (www.crisisgroup.org/).

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Source: Edwards Louise, Penn Nigel, Winter Jay (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Violence. Volume 4: 1800 to the Present. Cambridge University Press,2020. — 676 p.. 2020

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