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Fagan Garrett G., Fibiger Linda, Hudson Mark, Trundle Matthew (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Violence. Volume 1: The Prehistoric and Ancient Worlds. Cambridge University Press,2020. — 756 p.. 2020

This four-volume world history is the first collection of its kind to look at violence across different periods of human history and across many regions of the world. It capitalises on the growing scholarly interest in the history of violence, which is emerging as one of the key intellectual issues of our time. The volumes take into account the latest scholarship in the field and com­prises nearly 140 scholars, who have contributed substantial chapters to provide an authoritative treatment of violence from a multiplicity of per­spectives. It thus offers the reader a wide-ranging thematic treatment of different types of violence, as well as a compendium of an experience shared by peoples across time. The thematic sections vary from volume to volume, but they allow for a comparative history of violence from period to period and from region to region. In this way, the Cambridge World History of Violence will allow readers to assess the nature and the extent of violence across time and place, to examine its causes, and to consider the reasons for particular levels of violence at given moments of history. The project will, we hope, lead to a better understanding of the interaction between the forces that shape violence, and the ways in which institutions, beliefs and the structures of daily life reduce or amplify the potential for it, as well as the ways in which both the anticipation and the memory of violence can shape society.

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Contents
Contributors to Volume I
General Introduction: Violence in World History
Introduction to Volume I
PART I THE ORIGINS OF CONFLICT
The Origins of Warfare and Violence
STEVEN LEBLANC
Human violence, and especially warfare, is a topic of both deep concern and revulsion.
Warfare: Deadly and Pervasive
What Does Archaeology Have to Contribute to the Study of Violence?
On Warfare Origins
Current Issues Surrounding Warfare
Warfare and Human Evolution
Can We Reconstruct Ancient Forager Warfare?
Genetic Consequences of Warfare
Intra-societal Violence versus Warfare
Feuding
Finding Violence in the Deep Past
The Future of Research
Bibliographic Essay
Violence in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer Communities
JORG ORSCHIEDT
The culturally defined Palaeolithic is a rather large time period spanning from the earliest stone artefacts around 2.6 million years ago until the end of the last glacial around 10,000 BP.
Evidence of Violent Behaviour in Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis
Violent Neanderthals?
Violence in Upper Palaeolithic Hunter-Gatherers
Cases of Violence from the Final Palaeolithic
Violence in the Mesolithic
Bibliographic Essay
Settled Lives, Unsettled Times: Neolithic Violence in Europe
Martin J. Smith, Rickj Schulting and linda hbiger
The European Neolithic was a period of enormous cultural, social and economic change affecting subsistence strategies, settlement patterns, technology and population size, as well as ideologies and world views.
Defining Violence
What Came Before
Social Impacts of the Neolithic
Quantifying Violence: Assessing the Prevalence of Trauma
In-group versus Out-group
Implications for Understanding Neolithic Society: Violence as Communication
The Genetic Evidence for Population Migrations
Conflict and Inequality
Conclusions
Bibliographic Essay
Violence during the Later Stone Age of Southern Africa
ALAN G. MORRIS
The late 1960s witnessed an important academic debate over the nature of humankind. Robert Ardrey published three popular science books all heavily based on the research and opinions of anatomist Raymond Dart;1
Archaeological Evidence for Violence in the Later Stone Age
Later Stone Age Violence in Context
Bibliographic Essay
Weapons, Warriors and Warfare in Bronze Age Europe
BARRY MOLLOY AND CHRISTIAN HORN
The transformation of warfare in the Bronze Age was perhaps the most profound transformation in human history.
Coming in Swinging: The Initial Bronze Age
Making the Cut: The Full Bronze Age
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
Weapons, Ritual and Warfare: Violence in Iron Age Europe
PETER WELLS
The archaeological evidence for violence and for the symbolic representation of violence in Iron Age Europe is abundant and complex.
How Violent Was Iron Age Europe?
Weapons
Ornamentation of Weapons
Fortifications
Battlefields
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
The Origins of Violence and Warfare in the Japanese Islands
This chapter examines the origins and early history of violence in the Japanese islands, focusing on the Jomon (c. 14,500-900 bce) and Yayoi (c. 900 bce-250 ce) periods.1
Research Trends
Violence and the Archaeological Record
Settlements
Agriculture and Violence in the Japanese Islands
Conclusions
Bibliographic Essay
PART II PREHISTORIC AND ANCIENT WARFARE
Hunting and Warfare:The Ritualisation of Military Violence in Ancient Egypt
JOHN C. DARNELL
Slaughter and Celebration in a Nilotic Context
Hunting and Warfare
Combat in Rituals and Festivals
Combat in Earnest
Transition of Foreigners from Agents and Objects of Violence to Members of Society
Women and War
Violence and Warfare in Egyptian Literature
Bibliographic Essay
Recent Advances in the Archaeology of Maya Warfare
STANLEY SERAFIN
Explorers of the early nineteenth century, such as John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood, speculated that Maya society had been dominated by kings and warriors, just as other ancient civilisations had been.
Who Are the Maya?
Preclassic Period Maya Warfare
Early Classic Period Maya Warfare
Late Classic Period Maya Warfare
Terminal Classic Period Maya Warfare
Postclassic Period Maya Warfare
Colonial Period Maya Warfare
Conclusions
Bibliographic Essay
Violence and State Power in Early Mesopotamia
STEVEN GAREINKLE
Warfare and violence were central to the identity and experience of early states in the ancient Near East.
Violence and Warfare
Historical Developments in Early Mesopotamia
Royal Rhetoric and Violence in Later Mesopotamian History
Bibliographic Essay
Violence and the Roman Way of Warfare
JONATHAN ROTH
‘Roman way of war' in the title of this chapter is a variant of ‘Western way of war', the theory first articulated by Victor Davis Hanson that has been the subject of much critique, and which I do not accept.1
Royal and Early Rome
Middle Republic
Late Republic
Early Empire
Conclusion
Roman Warfare and Military Violence in Late Antiquity
DOUG LEE
Historiographical and Historical Contexts
What Was Distinctive about Warfare in Late Antiquity?
Institutionalised' Military Violence in Late Antiquity
Christianity as a Mitigating Influence?
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
Violence and Warfare in Early Imperial China
WICKY TSE
The modern Chinese translation of ‘violence' is the word baoli, combining the characters bao, literally ‘fierce, sudden or drastic', and li, literally ‘force, strength or power'.
Historical Background
Notions of Just War
Warfare and Military Service
Military Rituals and Religiously Motivated Warfare
Bibliographic Essay
PART III INTIMATE AND COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE
Early Massacres: Mass Violence in Neolithic Europe
CHRISTIAN MEYER
As the archaeological record shows, mass violence with lethal intent has been a part of human history for at least several thousand years.
Record
LBK Burials and Examples of Early Neolithic Massacres and Mass Killings
Patterns and Peculiarities
Conclusions
Bibliographic Essay
Gendered Violence in Iron Age and Roman Britain
REBECCA REDFERN
This chapter examines the diverse communities of Britain from the ninth century bce to the early fifth century ce, and uses a Web of Violence model to examine the archaeological and primary source evidence for violence in both periods.
Iron Age Britain
Roman Britain
Conclusions
Bibliographic Essay
Violence in Ancient Egyptian Society
DONALD B. REDFORD
In the sphere of controlled violence and state-sponsored ‘terrorism' (in its literal sense), ancient Egypt is a prime example and object lesson among the complex societies of the Near East.
The Violence of State Creation
The Sphere of Influence
Apotropaic Commemoration
Organised Military Force
State Terrorism and Punishment
Violence among the Gods
Violence in the Afterlife
The Violence of Failed States
Bibliographic Essay
Violence and the Mutilated Body in Achaemenid Iran
LLOYD LLEWELLYN-JONES
It is well recognised by scholars that in the ancient Greek mind the theme of the revengeful woman was as pervasive as it was persuasive.
Royal Women and Female Agency
Amestris' Revenge (I): Violence among Xerxes' Women
Amestris' Revenge (II): Avenging Sons and Daughters
Flaying, Blinding and Impaling: Royal Women and Court Eunuchs
Poison, Pain and Death
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
‘Knocking Her Teeth out with a Stone': Violence against Women in Ancient Greece
LLOYD LLEWELLYN-JONES
‘There is no point trying to make the Greeks nice', one scholar has recently stated.1
Machismo and Violence: Athens and beyond
Social Convention, Conformity and Violence
Greek Literary Sources
Did Domestic Abuse Occur in Ancient Greek Society?
Bibliographic Essay
Gang Violence in the Late Roman Republic
JEFFREY TATUM
In republican Rome the deployment of violence by private individuals was often necessary and was routinely regarded as respectable - so long as its frequency and intensity remained within socially manageable proportions.
Violence and Political Self-Help
Publius Clodius Pulcher
Methods
Gang Violence in the Empire
Bibliographic Essay
Violence in Early Chinese History
CHARLES SANFT
Violence is a part of every society's history, and China is no exception.
Violence in China before the Zhou
The Zhou Dynasty and the Early Textual Traditions
ConfUcius
Intellectual Heirs of Confucius
Mozi
Shang Yang
Han Feizi
The Imperial Transition
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
PART IV RELIGION, RITUAL AND VIOLENCE
Ritual Violence and Headhunting in Iron Age Europe
IAN ARMIT
Violence in prehistory took many forms and was perpetrated in a wide range of social contexts from the small-scale domestic sphere to all-out warfare involving thousands of participants.1
Hill Forts and the Ritualisation of War
Weapons and People: Depositions in Natural Places
Gaulish Sanctuaries and the Commemoration of Violence
Bog Bodies and Violence against the Individual
Violence in the Domestic Sphere
Headhunting
Bibliographic Essay
Ritual Killing and Human Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East
LUIS SIDDALL
Violence was an accepted part of life in ancient Mesopotamia.
The Royal Graves and Death Pits of Ur
Mythological Contexts for Ritual Killing in Mesopotamia
The Substitute King Ritual
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
Violent Sacrifice in the Ancient Greek and Roman Worlds
F. S. NAIDEN
The Greeks, the most humane men of antiquity, had a cruel trait, a desire for annihilation that made them like tigers... (Nietzsche, ‘Homer's Contest')1
Although Nietzsche was referring to slavery in this early essay of his, and not to animal sacrifice, he might well have included sacrifice as a ‘cruel trait', for it involved literally tens of millions of animal victims, many of which did not provide any food.
Modern versus Ancient Concepts
Justice for Animals
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
Combat Sports in Ancient Greece and Rome
MICHAELJ. CARTER
Languishing in prison and awaiting her execution ad bestias - by exposure to ravenous wild beasts during spectacular shows in the amphitheatre - the early Christian martyr Perpetua experienced a vision of her impending death.
Origins and Development: The Early Greek World
Greek Combat Sports
Roman Gladiatorial Combats
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
Religious Violence in Late Antiquity
PETER VAN NUFFELEN
Late Antiquity and Modernity
Towards the Dissolution of Religious Violence in Late Antiquity
Sacrifice, Martyrdom and Persecution
Condemnation of Violence
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
PART V VIOLENCE, CRIME AND THE STATE
Violence, Law and Community in Classical Athens
MATTHEW TRUNDLE
Werner Reiss, author of the most detailed recent discussion on the subject of violence in the Greek world, defined violence as ‘a physical act', stating further that it is a ‘process in which a human being inflicts harm on another human being via physical strength’.1
Athenian Society and Democracy in the Classical Period 479-336 BCE
Violence onthe Athenian Stage
Violence and the Athenian Legal System
Violence and the Thirty Tyrants
Conclusions
Bibliographic Essay
Roman Violence: Attitudes and Practice
GARRETT G. FAGAN
What happened before the city was founded or during its foundation is more suited to poetic fables than passed on as the uncorrupted memory of history, and I intend neither to confirm or refute such tales.
Warfare, Empire and Roman Militarism
Communal, Legal and Interpersonal Violence
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
Suicide and Martyrdom among Christians and Jews
CANDIDA R. MOSS
Violence and representations of violence abound in the literature of ancient and late antique Judaism and Christianity.
Martyrdom in Ancient Judaism
Martyrdom in Early Christianity
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
PART VI REPRESENTATIONS AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF VIOLENCE
Kingship, Violence and Non-violence in Indian Thought, c. 500 bce to 500 ce
UPINDER SINGH
The advent of the Early Historic period in northern India in the sixth and fifth centuries bce saw the emergence of monarchical and oligarchic states and the beginnings of a sustained discussion of the relationship of kingship with violence and non-violence.
Bibliographic Essay
Violence and the Bible
DEBRA SCOGGINS BALLENTINE
Within the world history of violence the Bible is relevant for our reconstructions of the lived experience of violence among ancient Israelites and Judeans;
Theorising the ‘Sanctification' of Violence
Biblical Representations of Violence
Biblical Violence and ‘Monotheism'
Biblical Structural and Cultural Violence and Post-Biblical Intolerance
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
Representations of Violence in Ancient Mesopotamia and Syria
DAVIDE NADALI
Mesopotamia and Syria encomipass a wide area of the ancient Near East.
Examples of Violence
The Spectacularisation of violence
The Visibility of Violence
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
Representations of War and Violence in Ancient Rome
SUSANN S. LUSNIA
Representations of war and violence were pervasive throughout the Roman world, displayed in homes and public spaces.
Displays of War and Violence and the Roman House
War and Violence on Funerary Monuments
War and Violence on Public Monuments
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
Heroism, Military Violence and the State in Ancient India
JARROD WHITAKER
This chapter will examine some of the martial messages contained in six chapters of the voluminous Santi Parvan (Book of Peace), which is the twelfth book of India's great epic, the Mahabharata (MBh).
Sources
The Sura as Paradigmatic Heroic Warrior
The Ritual of Battle
Cowards
Conclusion
Bibliographic Essay
Index

Books and textbooks on the discipline World history:

  1. Beaton Roderick. The Greeks: A Global History. Basic Books,2021. — 608 p. - 2021 ãîä
  2. Antony Robert, Carroll Stuart, Pennock Caroline D. (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Violence. Volume 3: AD 1500-AD 1800. Cambridge University Press,2020. — 710 p. - 2020 ãîä
  3. Bang Peter F., Bayly C.A., Scheidel Walter (eds.). The Oxford World History of Empire. Volume Two: The History of Empires. Oxford University Press,2020. — 1352 p. - 2020 ãîä
  4. Bang Peter F., Bayly C.A., Scheidel Walter (eds.). The Oxford World History of Empire. Volume One: The Imperial Experience. Oxford University Press,2020. — 584 p. - 2020 ãîä
  5. Edwards Louise, Penn Nigel, Winter Jay (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Violence. Volume 4: 1800 to the Present. Cambridge University Press,2020. — 676 p. - 2020 ãîä
  6. Gordon Matthew, Kaeuper Richard, Zurndorfer Harriet (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Violence. Volume 2: AD 500-AD 1500. Cambridge University Press,2020. — 696 p. - 2020 ãîä
  7. Abulafia David. The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans. Oxford University Press,2019. — 1088 p. - 2019 ãîä
  8. Bagge Sverre H.. State Formation in Europe, 843-1789: A Divided World. Routledge,2019. — 306 p. - 2019 ãîä
  9. Armitage David, Bashford Alison et al. (eds.). Oceanic Histories. Cambridge University Press,2018. — 338 p. - 2018 ãîä
  10. Barcelo Juan A., Del Castillo Florencia (eds.). Simulating Prehistoric and Ancient Worlds. Springer,2016. — 410 p. - 2016 ãîä
  11. Bauer Susan Wise. The Story of the World: History for the Classical Child: Volume 1: Ancient Times: From the Earliest Nomads to the Last Roman Emperor. Peace Hill Press,2015. — 338 p. - 2015 ãîä
  12. Aldrich Robert, McKenzie Kirsten (eds.). The Routledge History of Western Empires. Routledge,2014. — 542 p. - 2014 ãîä
  13. Alpers Edward A.. The Indian Ocean in World History. Oxford University Press,2014. — 182 p. - 2014 ãîä
  14. Abulafia David. The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean. London: Allen Lane; Penguin Books,2012. — 816 p. - 2012 ãîä
  15. Aberth John. Plagues in World History. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,2011. — 257 p. - 2011 ãîä
  16. Abbenhuis Maartje, Buttsworth Sara. Restaging War in the Western World: Noncombatant Experiences, 1890-Today. Palgrave Macmillan,2009. — 242 p. - 2009 ãîä
  17. Adolf Antony. Peace: A World History. Polity,2009. — 298 p. - 2009 ãîä
  18. Ansary Tamim. Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes. PublicAffairs,2009. — 416 p. - 2009 ãîä
  19. Best Antony. International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond. Routledge,2008. — 638 p. - 2008 ãîä
  20. Abernethy David B.. The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European Overseas Empires, 1415-1980. Yale University Press,2002. — 524 p. - 2002 ãîä
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