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Bang Peter F., Bayly C.A., Scheidel Walter (eds.). The Oxford World History of Empire. Volume Two: The History of Empires. Oxford University Press,2020. — 1352 p.. 2020

Volume Two: The History of Empires tracks the protean history of political domination from the very beginnings of state formation in the Bronze Age up to the present. Case studies deal with the full range of the historical experience of empire, from the realms of the Achaemenids and Asoka to the empires of Mali and Songhay, and from ancient Rome and China to the Mughals, American settler colonialism, and the Soviet Union. Forty-five chapters detailing the history of individual empires are tied together by a set of global synthesizing surveys that structure the world history of empire into eight chronological phases.

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Contents
List of Contributors
List of Figures, Tables and Maps
Prolegomena
PART I BRONZE TO IRON AGE
1 Egypt, Old to New Kingdom (2686-1069 bce)
Juan Carlos Moreno Garcia
What Is an “Egyptian Empire”?
Egypt at the Crossroads: The Geopolitics of Pharaonic Imperialism
Empire as a Geopolitical Variable: A Historical Outline
The Impact of Empire
The Instruments of the Empire
The Ideology of Empire
2 The Sargonic and Ur III Empires
Piotr Steinkeller
Introductory Remarks
Sargonic Empire
Ur III Empire
3 The Empires of Western Asia and the Assyrian World Empire
Gojko Barjamovic
Inventing Empire
Empires in Western Asia after 2000 âñå
The City Assur and the Land of Assyria
First Empire
Rebirth
Economy
Administration and Army
Religion, Art, and State Ideology
Empire Entrenched
Assyrian Blueprints
4 The Achaemenid Persian Empire
From the Medes to Alexander
Matthew W Waters
The Achaemenid Persian Empire was something new in history: a hyper-power without serious rival, a world empire on an unprecedented scale.
Sources
The Medes: Greek Historiography and Assyrian-Babylonian Evidence
Achaemenid Persia
The Locus of Power: Kings and Queens, the Royal Court, and the Elites
Administration of the Empire: Satraps and Satrapies
The Ideology of Power and the Power of Ideology
Alexander and the End of the Achaemenids
5 Ancient Mediterranean City-State Empires
Athens, Carthage, Early Rome
Walter Scheidel
From City-State to Empire
The Athenian Empire
The Carthaginian Empire
The Origins of the Roman Empire
THE CLASSICAL AGE
6 Hellenistic Empires
The Dynasties of the Ptolemies and the Seleucids
Christelle Fischer-Bovet
The Ptolemaic and Seleucid empires are the two largest and longest-lasting terri­torial states that emerged from Alexander’s conquest of the Persian Empire.
Historical Survey
War and the Economy
Political Organization and Administration
Social and Cultural Developments
Conclusion
7 The Mauryan Empire
Himanshu Prabha Ray
The Mauryan Empire (321-185 âñå) has a unique place in India's history.
Archaeology of the Mauryan Empire
The Empire and the Royal Edicts
The Dhamma
Asokan Pillars in History
The King as Patron
The Arthasastra
8 The First East Asian Empires
Qin and Han
Mark Edward Lewis
The three centuries that preceded the formation of East Asia's first unified empire were known as the Warring States period,
Imperial Monarchy and the Nomad Warriors of the Steppe
An Elevated Absolutist Court
Professional Army of the frontier
The Expansion of the East Asian World: the Steppe, Central Asia and the South
Confucian High Culture
Rule Through the Rise of Local Elites
9 The Roman Empire
Peter Fibiger Bang
(The rulers) maintain their hold over the government and their own dy­nasty with the help, then, either of clients and followers who grew up in the shadow and power of group feeling,
Opening: What World History Context for Rome?
Conquering Republic, Revolutionary Politics
Consolidation of Power: The Imperial Monarchy of the Principate
Provincial Takeover: 'The Third-Century Crisis and the Late Antique World
10 The Parthian and Sasanian Empires
Matthew P. Canepa
Overview
The Parthians: From Central Asian Roots to Western Asian Empire
The Sasanian Revolution and the Creation of Eränsahr
Networks of Power in the Parthian and Sasanian Empires
Social Dynamics
Imperial Administration
Economy
Military
Religion in the Parthian and Sasanian Empires
Continuity, Transformation, and Reinvention of Iranian Kingship
Conclusion
11 The Kushan Empire
Craig Benjamin
Introduction
Migration of the Yuezhi and the Conquest of Bactria
The Early Kushans
The Great Kushans
The Later Kushans and Conclusion
PART III THE ECUMENIC TURN
12 The Caliphate
Andrew Marsham
Introduction
Narrative Outline
Economic Power
Organizational Power I: The Structures of Provincial Government
Organizational Power II: Fiscal Administration
Organizational Power III: Imperial Administrative Elites
Coercive Power
Ideological Power
Conclusions
13 The Tang Empire
Mark Edward Lewis
Like the other enduring empires in East Asia, the Han and the Qing, the Tang dy­nasty was an age of transformation.
The Fiscal System and the Land
The Army and the System of Government
Local Government
Elite-formation: the Army, the Lineage and the Examination System
The Development of the South
14 Srivijaya
John N. Miksic
An Empire Built on Water
Ecology of the Straits of Melaka
Piecing Together Early Sumatran History: The Pearl Route
A Seventh-Century Chinese Visitor
Local Inscriptions
Diplomatic Relations with China
Shilifoshi, San foqi, and Malayu
Malayu in History
Srivijaya’s Northern Poles: Historical Data
Kedah
Archaeology and Srivijaya
History and Archaeology Compared
Srivijaya and Empirical Models
15 The Khmer Empire
Michael D. Coe
In 1864, the French government established a Protectorate over the small and politi­cally weak country of Cambodia, and by this act consolidated their indirect rule over this part of what was then known as Indochina.
The Land
The People
Sources for an Imperial History
Background to Empire
Founding and Growth of the Empire
Apogee of Empire: The Reign of Jayavarman VII (1182-ca. 1220)
Organization of the Khmer Empire at Its Zenith
Transportation and War
The Khmer Army
Downfall of the Empire
A Perspective on the Khmer Empire
16 The Byzantine Empire (641-1453 ce)
Anthony Kaldellis
What Was It? What Was It Called?
Historical Phases, Territorial Fluctuations, and International Standing
Empire, Ideology, and Politics in Romania
Institutions of Governance
Legacy
17 Charlemagne, the Carolingian Empire, and Its Successors
Rosamond McKitterick
Einhards Life of Charlemagne, written shortly after the emperors death, records Cha­rlemagne' s burial in his palace chapel dedicated to Mary the Virgin at Aachen.
The Creation of the Frankish Empire: Territorial Expansion and Dynastic Succession
The Mastery of Space
Imperial Unity
The Cultural Networks of Empire
The Imperial Title and the Legacy of Rome
Conclusion: A Christian Empire
PART IV THE MONGOL MOMENT
18 The Mongol Empire and the Unification of Eurasia
Nikolay N. Kradin (translated from Russian by Bill Leidy)
Over a period of many centuries, Chinggis Khan and his exploits have attracted widespread attention.
From Pastoral Chiefdoms to Nomadic Empire
The Mongol Empire under the Successors of Chinggis Khan
Mongol States from Dawn until Dusk
The Unification of Eurasia
19 The Ming Empire
David M. Robinson
Introduction
A Brief Chronology
The Mongols’ Shadow­
Creating a Dynastic Order
Selling a Dynasty
Protecting the Dynasty
Military Garrisons
Managing Borders
Managing the Other
The Center and the Local
Imperial Rule and Ethnic Identity
Negotiating Interests, Negotiating Change
Foreign Relations
Assessing the Ming Empire
20 The Delhi Sultanate as Empire
Sunil Kumar
The establishment of the Ghaznavid (977-1186) and the Ghurid (1163-1214/ 1215) Sultanates in Khurasan in East Iran and the modern regions of Afghanistan was a part of the process through which the authority
Sultanate Regimes, Territories, Economies, and Politics
Lordship, Community, and Territory, and the Making of the Delhi Sultanate
Conclusion
21 Caliphs, Popes, Emperors, Kings, and Sultans1
The Imperial Commonwealths of Medieval Islam and Western Christendom
Jacob Tullberg
Around 800 ce, both Western Christendom and Islam were politically united under imperial structures, the Carolingian Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate, respectively.
Antioch, Syria, June 28, 1098
Different Imperial Designs: 'The West after the Carolingians
Imperial Designs in Islam: Conquerors from the Desert
Similar Trajectories?
The Islamic Empire: From Political to Cultural Unity
Why Did the Caliph Not Become a Sort of Pope?
The Other(Secular) Empire
The Making of an Independent Monarchy: Denmark in the Twelfth Century
Where Did the European Monarchy Come from?
Rex imperator in regno suo est
Conclusion
22 The Venetian Empire
Luciano Pezzolo
The wedding ceremony of the sea, celebrated each year on Ascension Day in Venice, reminds us of the first important naval campaign that the Venetians undertook, in the year 1000,
Expansion and Contraction of Maritime Power
Naval Organization
Behind the Galleys: The Arsenal
On Board the Ships: Weaponry and Men
Funding
A Fiscal-Military State?
Weak State and Strong Ruling Elite
23 The Mali and Songhay Empires
Bruce S. Hall
Introduction
The Question of Empire in Sub-Saharan Africa
Origins of the Songhay State
Sunni Ali Ber
The Askia Dynasty
Songhay Society
Conclusion
PART V ANOTHER WORLD
24 The Aztec Empire
Michael E. Smith and Maelle Sergheraert
When Hernando Cortes and his soldiers crossed the causeway and entered the is­land city of Tenochtitlan in 1519, they were overwhelmed by the size and opulence of the metropolis and the busy crowds that filled its streets and markets.
Historical Overview
Military and Economic Base
Government and Administration
The Central Provinces
The Outer Provinces
Frontier Polities
Social and Cultural History
Discussion
Cortes and the Conquest of the Aztec Empire
25 The Inca Empire
R. Alan Covey
The Inca Empire was the last and most powerful indigenous state to develop in the Americas (Map 25.1).
The Inca Imperial Trajectory and Its Sources
Contextualizing Inca Imperialism
Military Dimensions of Inca Imperialism
The Inca Imperial Economy
Political Power
Ideological Power
Meaning
Norms
Aesthetics
Ritual Practice
The Development of Inca Power: Space and Time
PART VI THE GREAT CONFLUENCE
26 The Ottoman Empire
Dariusz Kolodziejczyk
Founded in ca. 1300, within less than a century the Ottoman state had become the dominant power in Asia Minor and a major political player in the Balkans, having swallowed the tsardom of Bulgaria and reduced Serbia to vassalage.
Humble Beginnings and the Rise of the Ottoman State
Disaster and Recovery as Proof of the State’s Maturity; “Classical” Ottoman Institutions
Early Ottoman Cultural Syncretism and the Muslim Sunni “Confessionalization”
Constantinople: The Imperial Capital
The Apex of Ottoman Territorial Expansion and the Issue of “Imperial Overextension”
Changes in the Power Hierarchy: The Koprulu Renaissance and the War of 1683-1699
The Age of the Province
The Center Strikes Back: The Era of Tanzimat
The Challenge of Nationalism and the Last Efforts to Save the Empire
27 The Mughal Empire
Rajeev Kinra
Introduction
Historical Overview (Part One)
The Theory (and Practice) of the Mughal State
The (Theory and) Practice of the Mughal State
The Mughal Economy
The Arts and Sciences
Historical Overview (Part Two)
Conclusion
28 The Habsburg Monarchy and the Spanish Empire (1492-1757)
Josep M. Delgado and Josep M. Fradera
The empire of Charles V and Philip II was one of the largest and most powerful of all time.
The Birth of a Composite Monarchy: Medieval Foundations and Institutional Framework
European Requirements and Colonial Expansion
Channeling Silver: Fleets and Regulated Trade
The Costs of Imperial Overstretch
29 The Qing Empire
Three Governments in One State and the Stability of Manchu Rule
Pamela Kyle Crossley
The Qing Empire (1636-1912) was one of a set of very large, long-lived Eurasian empires ofthe early modern period, and like any ofits contemporaries the empire raises a number of questions regarding the sources of its stability, expansion, and durability.
Production of Simultaneous Rulership
The Earliest Government: The Eight Banners
Civil Bureaucracy and Embassies
The Frontiers Department and Indirect Rule
Qing Stability before the Nineteenth Century
Unraveling of the Imperial Fabric
30 The Portuguese Empire (1415-1822)
Francisco Bethencourt
The Portuguese established the oldest and longest-lasting overseas European em­pire, from the conquest of Ceuta in 1415 to the return of Macau to Chinese sover­eignty in 1999.
Longevity
Local Cultures
Impact
Exchange
Disruption
31 The Dutch Seaborne Empire
Qua Patet Orbis
Leonard Blusse
Introduction
The Iberian Example
A Short Sketch of Dutch dha.la.ssocra.cy
Engines of Empire: The Chartered, Limited Liability Joint Stock Companies
The VOC (1602-1800)
Some Defining Traits
Batavia, the Headquarters in Asia
Company Control
The WIC (1621-1674, 1674-1791)
In Conclusion
32 The First British Empire
Atlantic Empire and the Peoples of the British Monarchy (1603-1815)
Nicholas Canny
Conflicting Concepts of Empire
Cromwell’s Imperial Moment
The Eighteenth-Century Atlantic Empire
Britain’s Atlantic Empire in an Age of Revolution
PART VII THE GLOBAL TURN
33 Deconstructing the British Empire
Between Repression and Reform
C. A Bayiy
Following the debate about the existence or otherwise of “American empire,” the study of imperialism is back on the map in a big way.1
The Four Key Elements of the British Empire
Durability of Empire: The Self-Reinforcing Bundle
Legacies
34 An Imperial Nation-State
France and Its Empires
David Todd
Few modern European states have aspired to empire as consistently as France.
The Bourbon Empire
The Revolutionary-Napoleonic Empire
The Republican Empire
35 The Russian Empire (1453-1917)
Dominic Lieven
The core of the Russian Empire was the small principality of Moscow, ruled over in the thirteenth century by a minor branch of the Rurikid dynasty.
The Glory Days of the Empire: Peter, Catherine, Alexander I
Revolutinary Challenges to Empire: Popular Sovereignty and Industrialisation
Geopolitical Rivalries
Agrarian Empire: Ottoman Comparisons
The Expansion of Europe
1900: The Dilemma of Empire
36 Late Spanish Empire
Reform and Crisis (1762-1898)
Josep M. Fradera
In the course of just 75 years, the Spanish Empire went from being a leading trans­oceanic political entity to being a second-ranked player.1
The Extension of the Spanish Empire and Dominion in the South Atlantic and Pacific
Bourbon Reforms and the Imperial Crisis
Integration and Disintegration during the Revolutionary Cycle
The Emergence of the Three Colonies System
Abolition, Emigration, and the Free-Trade Imperialism of Others
The Year 1898: The Empire’s Shadow
37 US Expansionism during the Nineteenth Century
“Manifest Destiny”
Amy S. Greenberg
Introduction
Territorial Expansion in the Early Republic
Factors Driving Early Expansionism
Governmentality in Indian Territory
Social Origins of Aggressive Expansionism
Resistance
Paths to Texas and Oregon
The U.S.-Mexico War
Sectional Discord and the Decline of Manifest Destiny
After the Civil War: Manifest Destiny Re-evaluated
Embracing Colonialism in the 1890s
Conclusion
38 The Kinetic Empires of Native American Nomads
Pekka Hamalainen
Most of us associate nomadic empires with the Huns, Mongols, and other great equestrian powers of central Asia.
The Rise of the Comanches
Imperial Power
Greater Comancheria
Kinetic Empire
Lakota Ascendancy
Conclusion
39 Ottoman Turkey and Qing China
Response and Decline (1774-1937)
Michael A. Reynolds and Rana Mitter
In 1937, the Chinese historian Jiang Tingfu reflected on the differing pace of mod­ernization in various non-Western countries.
The Ottoman Empire and Its Dissolution
Relative Decline, Eastern Questions, and Reform
The Legacy of the High Qing
The Nature of Qing Governance
Conclusions
40 The Sokoto Caliphate
Murray Last
Introduction
The Sokoto Caliphate
Insignia and Monuments
Administration
The Military
Security
The New Cadre of ‘Ulama
Succession to High Office: Ethnic Categories in the Sokoto Caliphate
Conclusion
PART VIII THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
41 The German and Japanese Empires
Great Power Competition and the World Wars in Trans-Imperial Perspective
Daniel Hedinger and Moritz von Brescius
Introduction
1900: Parallels and Differences
1919: Divergences
1932-1933: Convergences
1938: Cooperation
1940: Expansion
1942: Nemesis
Conclusion
42 Decolonization and Neocolonialism
Stuart Ward
The concept of “empire” has long proven notoriously difficult to pin down, partly due to a steady accumulation of ideological baggage over time, but also because of the improbable range of historical phenomena
Conceptual Origins
Wartime Exigencies
Momentum Gathers: The 1950s
Africa’s ‘Wind of Change’
The Advent of Necolonialism
Cold War Legacies
Conclusion
43 The Soviet Union
Geoffrey Hosking
Fundamental Characteristics
Ethnic Relations
The Outer Empire
The Turning Point
A Tacit Social Contract
The Shadow Ideology
Nationalities Become Nations
The Russian Problem
Perestroika and the Final Crisis
Conclusion
44 America's Global Imperium
Andrew Preston
After 1945, and especially after 1989, the United States wielded overwhelming power on a previously unimaginable global dimension.
From Territorial Empire to the Open Door and Dollar Diplomacy
Wilsonianism: Making the World Safe for America
World War II and the Dawn of the American Century
A Global Imperium, by Invitation and Imposition
Imperial Overstretch after the Cold War
Conclusion
45 Epilogue
Beyond Empire?
Frederick Cooper
Empires, over the centuries, have come and gone. What was new in the latter half of the twentieth century was that the very category of empire as a legitimate po­litical organization lost its aura of normality and legitimacy.
False Sunsets (1648-1919)
The Conjuncture of 1945
Alternatives to Empire and the Nation-State
Nations after Empire?
Global Power after Empire?
Index of Places, Names, and Events

Books and textbooks on the discipline World history:

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