(The rulers) maintain their hold over the government and their own dy­nasty with the help, then, either of clients and followers who grew up in the shadow and power of group feeling,

or of tribal groups of a different descent who have become clients. Something of the sort happened to the Abbasids. The group feeling of the Arabs had been destroyed by the time of the reign of al-Mutasim and his son, al-Wathiq. They tried to maintain their hold over the government thereafter with the help of Persian, Turkish, Daylam, Saljuq, and other clients. Then, the (non-Arabs) and their clients gained power over the provinces (of the realm).

Ibn Khaldun¹

More on the topic (The rulers) maintain their hold over the government and their own dy­nasty with the help, then, either of clients and followers who grew up in the shadow and power of group feeling,:

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