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Bazargan-Forward Saba, Tollefsen Deborah (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Collective Responsibility. Routledge,2020. — 538 p.. 2020

This handbook is no different in that the reader will notice the variable uses of the phrase. Although our authors have been instructed to be clear about how they are using the phrase, they were not instructed to use the phrase in a uniform way. The same goes for other frequently used terms such as “shared responsibility,” “joint responsibility,” “group responsibility,” and so on. Rather than using the phrase to identify a state of affairs in the world we think the phrase best describes an area of inquiry. Those working on collective responsibility are unified by their focus on certain types of questions.

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CONTENTS
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
INTRODUCTION
Deborah Tollefsen and Saba Bazargan-Forward
What is Collective Responsibility?
How is the Handbook Organized?
What is the Goal of the Handbook?
PART I Foundations of Collective Responsibility
The chapters in Part I discuss some of the central debates and theories in the area of collective responsibility including whether collective responsibility should be understood distributively, as attributions of responsibility to group members or non-distributively,
1 TYPES OF COLLECTIVES AND RESPONSIBILITY
Peter A. French
In the mid-1960s I had the privilege of studying with H.D. Lewis while he was writing The Elusive Mind (Lewis 1970).
The Moral Community
Types of Moral Responsibility
Types of Collectivities
Corporations and Corporate Responsibility
Conclusion
2 COLLECTIVE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY AND WHAT FOLLOWS FOR GROUP MEMBERS
Margaret Gilbert and Maura Priest
Introduction
Moral Responsibility
We Did It
Collective Moral Responsibility
Implications of Collective Moral Responsibility for Group Members: (1) A Radical Disjunction Between Our Responsibility and Mine
Implications for Group Members (2): The Intelligibility of Feeling Guilt Over What One's Group Has Done
Moral Responsibility-Based Collective Emotions
Responses To Some Comments
Concluding Note
3 COLLECTIVE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY AS JOINT MORAL RESPONSIBILITY
Seumas Miller
Collective moral responsibility is a species of moral responsibility and contrasts, in particular, with individual moral responsibility.
Atomism, Collectivism, and Joint Moral Responsibility
Collective Moral Responsibility as Joint Moral Responsibility
Collective Moral Responsibility for Omissions
Chains of Moral Responsibility
Conclusion
4 WHAT SETS THE BOUNDARIES OF OUR RESPONSIBILITY?
Lessons from a Reductionist Account of Individual Agency
5 A WE-MODE ACCOUNT OF GROUP ACTION AND GROUP RESPONSIBILITY
Raimo Tuomela and Pekka Makela
Introduction
Group Action
We-mode and Acting Qua Group Member
Group Responsibility
Conclusion
6 FROM INDIVIDUAL TO COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY
There and Back Again
Kirk Ludwig
Introduction
Collective Action
Shared Intention
Collective Responsibility When Harm is Intended
Collective Responsibility When Harm is a Foreseen Side-EffectofCollective Action
Conclusion
7 COLLECTIVE OBLIGATIONS AND THE POINT OF MORALITY
David Copp
Introduction
The Point of Morality and Society-Centered Moral Theory
Institutional Entities and Moral Obligation
Normative Theories and Institutional Obligations and Rights
Agents and Doers, Actions and Actional Events
Agency
Reduction and Individualism
Conclusion
8 ASSEMBLING THE ELEPHANT
Attending to the Metaphysics of Corporate Agents
Kendy M. Hess
A group of blind men heard that a strange animal called an elephant had been brought to the town.
Theories of Corporate Agency
A Theory of Corporate Agents
Implications for Responsibility
Conclusion
9 COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY AND COLLECTIVE OBLIGATIONS WITHOUT COLLECTIVE MORAL AGENTS
Gunnar Bjornsson
Sometimes, bad things are the aggregate result of actions and omissions of more than one agent.
Attributable to the Group, But Not to Any Individual
Collective Obligations: Agency Worries
The Capacity Response to Agency Worries
Grounding Collective Obligations in Demands on Individuals
What Makes These Things Obligations?
Collective Responsibility: Agency Worries
Collective Blameworthiness as Shared Blameworthiness
How is Shared Blameworthiness Possible?
Concluding Remarks
10 COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY AND ACTING TOGETHER
Olle Blomberg and Frank Hindriks
Introduction
The Very Idea of Collective Moral Responsibility
Responsibility for Shared and Parallel Action
Collective Blameworthiness and Shared Intentional Action
Conclusions
PART II Theoretical Issues in Collective Responsibility
The articles in Part II delve deeper into a variety of theoretical issues within the domain of col­lective responsibility.
11 COMPLICITY AND COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY
Gregory Mellema
By the term “collective responsibility,” I will understand a collective consisting of two or more human moral agents that bears moral responsibility for an outcome that consists of a state of affairs.
Complicity
Complicity and Responsibility
Moral Taint
Collective Responsibility
Where Complicity and Collective Responsibility Intersect
12 RADICAL COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITYAND PLURAL SELF-AWARENESS
Hans Bernhard Schmid
Radical responsibility is the idea that as agents, we are what we decide to do, and we are there­fore — in a rather radical sense of the word — responsible for who we are.
Radical Responsibility
Self-Determination and Joint Action
Plural Subjects
Conclusion
13 COMMITMENTS AND COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY[1]
Caroline T. Arruda
The debate about shared agency and its relationship to collective responsibility has focused on two related questions: (1) Is collective responsibility non-distributive or distributive—that is, should it be attributed to the group[2] as such or to its individual members?;
Commitments: An Overview
Commitments and Shared Agency
Commitments and Collective Responsibility
Conclusion
14 COLLECTIVE INACTION AND COLLECTIVE Epistemic agency
Michael D. Doan
Responsibility for Collective Inaction:The Seinfeld Paradigm
Breaking Free of the Seinfeld Paradigm
Acting Together in the Midst of Disaster
Conclusion
15 SHARED RESPONSIBILITY AND FAILURES TO PREVENT HARM
Shannon Fyfe
The notion of collective responsibility is often invoked in order to identify the persons and entities that can be blamed for an event that has occurred.
May On Shared Responsibility
Criticisms of May's View
Shared Responsibility for Failing to Protect
16 COLLECTIVE GUILT FEELINGS
Bjorn Petersson
Introduction1
Blame and Guilt Feelings
Guilt Feelings and Phenomenology
Joint Commitment to Feel Guilt
Corporate Agency and Reactive Attitudes
Blaming Collectives as a Way of Evoking Collectively Tainted Guilt in Individuals
Conclusion
17 COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY AND ENTITLEMENT TO COLLECTIVE REASONS FOR ACTION[5]
Abraham Sesshu Roth
What are the implications for agency — and in particular, the idea of acting for reasons — if we are to take seriously the notion of collective responsibility?
Retrospective Responsibility and Prospective Reason for Action
Collective Responsibility: Against Monolithic Agency
Joint Action and Participation
Linking and Transmission
18 THE POSSIBILITY OF COLLECTIVE MORAL OBLIGATIONS
Anne Schwenkenbecher
The philosophical literature on collective agency, collective responsibility, social epistemology, and social ontology is burgeoning.
Jointly Held Obligations
Collectively Available Options and We-Reasoning
Joint Ability and Ignorance
When Do We Have Collective Obligations?
Large-scale and Global Moral Obligations
19 INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR COLLECTIVE ACTION
Michael Skerker
Introduction
Problem Statement
Two Types of Groups
Responsibility for Ultimate Collective Actions in Goal-Oriented Collectives
Responsibility for Ultimate Actions in Organizations
Conclusion
20 COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY AND THE ROLE OF NARRATIVE
Cassie Striblen
Imagine a situation where an African American family moves into an historically all white neighborhood.
History and Terminology
Narrative Construction of Individuals and Groups
Narrative and Group Responsibility
Conclusion
21 THE DISCURSIVE DILEMMA AND COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY
Andras Szigeti
Introduction
Collective Responsibility
Arguments for Collective Responsibility
The Discursive Dilemma
Responsibility-Based Collectivist Arguments from the Discursive Dilemma
The Agency-Based Collectivist Argument from the Discursive Dilemma
Conclusion
22 BYSTANDERS AND SHARED RESPONSIBILITY
Linda Radzik
Introduction
Shared Responsibility for Wrongs and Harms
Shared Responsibility to Provide Aid
Shared Responsibility to Enforce Moral Norms
Conclusion
PART III Domains of Collective Responsibility
Part III of the Handbook focuses on the domains in which issues pertaining to collective responsibility arise, such as: collective responsibility in health care, in scientific communities, of the state, and of corporations.
23 COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Stephanie Collins
Introduction
Responsibility
An Easy Case: States
A Harder Case: Intergovernmental Organizations
An Easy Non-Case: The Affluent
A Harder Non-Case: The West
Conclusion
24 COMPETING COLLECTIVE VALUES
Moral and Causal Responsibilities in Health Care
Robin Downie
Problems and Approaches
The Medical Role
Role Acceptance
Role Enactment
Collective Values and Roles in Management
Patient Choice and Consumer Choice
Collective Cover-ups
Conclusion
25 COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY AND FRAUD IN SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES
Bryce Huebner and Liam Kofi Bright1
Some people rely on scientific data to decide whether a particular physical condition calls for a medical intervention.
A Theory of Fraud
Kinds of Collective Responsibility
Radically Collaborative Science
Ghostwriting and Market Values
Communal Responsibility for Ameliorating Fraud
26 COLLECTIVE ACTION AND THE CRIMINAL LAW
Christopher Kutz
Introduction
Moral and Metaphysical Foundations for the Criminal Law of Collective Action
Collective Action, Complicity, and Criminal Law8
Other Dimensions of Collective Action and Liability
27 COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY IN THE STATE
Avia Pasternak
It is common practice to hold states responsible for their wrongdoings. Consider the following examples: in the aftermath of World War II, West Germany accepted respon­sibility for the crimes of the Holocaust,
Collective Responsibility: Conceptual Clarifications
Holding States Responsible
Citizens' Moral Responsibility
Citizens' Remedial Responsibility
Conclusions
28 SHARED RESPONSIBILITY FOR CORPORATE WRONGDOING
Amy J. Sepinwall
Corporations, for all their good, sometimes cause legendary harms without justification or excuse.
Corporate Moral Responsibility
Shared Responsibility for Corporate Wrongdoing
Conclusion
29 CORPORATE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE EXPECTATION OF AUTONOMY
Jeffery Smith and Wim Dubbink
Recent discussions about whether corporations are capable of being held morally responsible have, in large part, turned on whether corporations possess the capacities required to be a moral agent.
The Pragmatics of Corporate Moral Responsibility
Corporate Judgment and Restraint
Corporate Autonomy
Two Senses of Autonomy­
Moral Autonomy and Moral Personhood
Conclusion
PART IV Applied Issues in Collective Responsibility
Part IV of this handbook applies theories and accounts of collective responsibility to real-world problems, including collective responsibility for: war, global poverty, climate change, conspiracy theories, environmental injustice, and institutional racism.
30 RESPONSIBILITY FOR SHARED ACTION IN WAR
Saba Bazargan-Forward
Background
Putative Authority and Shared Action
Authority-Based Moral Responsibility
Shared Action in War
31 COLLECTIVE DUTIES OF BENEFICENCE
Violetta Igneski
Bystanders who have witnessed a car accident have a duty to call for help and to coordinate their efforts to pull the injured to safety.
Duties of Beneficence
Collective Duties or Duties of Collectives
Structured and Unstructured Collectives and Collective Duties
Individual Duties to Collectivize and to Contribute to the Collective Goal
Individual Responsibility for Failing to Fulfill the Collective Duty of Beneficence
Collective Duties of Beneficence and Partial Compliance
Conclusion
32 ARE STATES RESPONSIBLE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE IN THEIR OWN RIGHT?
Holly Lawford-Smith and Anton Eriksson
Introduction
Collective Moral Responsibility
States' Emissions
Moral Implications for States
Objections
Conclusion
33 CONSPIRACY THEORIES AND COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY
Juha Raikka
Introduction
Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theories
Ethics and Conspiracy Theories
Collective Responsibility for Conspiracy Theories
Concluding Remarks
34 ENABLING COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
Kenneth Shockley
The Responsibility to Take Responsibility
Structural Environmental Injustice as a Matter of Collective Responsibility
Collective Responsibility as Explanatory Ineliminability
Focusing on Institutions
Individual Responsibility for Enabling Collective Responsibilities
Owning Up to our Collective Responsibility for Environmental Justice
35 INSTITUTIONAL RACISM AND INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY
Michael O. Hardimon
Introduction
Fixing Ideas
The Scope of the No-individual-is-to-blame Thesis
Pure Institutional Racism
E-like Institutions with Racist Role Occupants
Racism Without Racists?
Institutional Racism of a Different Kind
Conclusion
INDEX

Books and textbooks on the discipline Social philosophy:

  1. Benton T.. Philosophy of Social Science: The Philosophical Foundations of Social Thought.Bloomsbury Academic,2023. — 329 p. - 2023 ćīä
  2. Berry D.. Critical Theory and the Digital. New York: Bloomsbury,2014. — 272 p. - 2014 ćīä
  3. Anderson Chris. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Crown Business,2012. — 250 p. - 2012 ćīä
  4. A Nooman of the Social Organism : monography / Volodymir Bekh ; ed. by Iryna Predborska. - Sumy : University book,2010. - 304 š. - 2010 ćīä
  5. Anderson M. (ed.). Cultural Shaping of Violence: Victimization, Escalation, Response. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press,2004. — 330 p. - 2004 ćīä
  6. Angle Stephen C.. Human Rights and Chinese Thought: A Cross-Cultural Inquiry. Cambridge University Press,2002. — 304 p. - 2002 ćīä
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