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Anderson M. (ed.). Cultural Shaping of Violence: Victimization, Escalation, Response. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press,2004. — 330 p.. 2004

The editor appreciates all the peaceful encounters where the cultural shaping of violence received proper attention—in symposia, courses, and ordinary conversa­tions. In the final flourish before publication, the following colleagues and students, near at hand and far away, provided provocative insight, especially for the “bookend” chapters: Scott Baxter, Devika Chawla, Jeff Gill, Gene Jackson, Michael S. Koskey, Kalevi Kull, Floyd Merrell, Robert Paine, James Pavisian, B. Frederique Samuel, Chrys Taylor, and O. Michael Watson. Likewise appreciated is the untitled painting by former colleague, artist, and biologist Ben Olson, which graces the paperback cover of this book.

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Contents
Cultural Shaping of Violenc
Chapter I Introduction: The Careless Feeding of Violence in Culture
Myrdene Anderson and Cara Richards
Acknowledging and Recognizing Violence
Pretext
Part One Children and Women First? Violence Close to Home
Violence converges from the bottom-up, top-down, and side-ways. Individuals most apt to find themselves in this convergence will do so at home and/or as children.
Chapter II Violence Absorbed: Lives of Children in an American City
Chapter III School Power, Children's Play, and the Timing of Recess Violence
Chapter IV Growing Up with Violence in Northern Ireland: Making Meaning of Institutionalized Violence
Linda J. Rogers
This analysis focuses upon two boys, age nine and eleven, who live in two different housing estates in Northern Ireland.
Myles
Ryan
Chapter V Believed and Not Believed: Community Reaction to Rape in Mexico and the United States
Cathy Winkler
After decades if not centuries of silence about the crime of rape (Sanday 1996), the 1970s feminist movement encouraged people who were raped to speak up about such:
Mountain Marriage
Silence and Isolation
Isolation in Socialization
Culture of Denigration
Olinaltecan Parental Protection and Distrust
Target Self-Esteem
Meanings of Kidnappings
Control Movements and Decisions
Acculturation and Change in Olinala
Reverberations of Rape: United States
Summarizing Changes in Olinala
Ethnocentrism vs. Self-Denial: Respect vs. Second Assault
Chapter VI “Here the Cock Does Not Crow, for He Is Not the Lord of the Land”: Machismo, Insecurity, and Male Violence in Brazil
Sarah Hautzinger
On men's gender and kinship roles in poor, predominantly Afro-Brazilian families in the city of Salvador, Northeast Brazil, anthropologist Klaas Woortmann observed what he called a “subjective marginality.
Male Honor as Metaphor for Male Power
Masculinity, Machismo, and Zero-Sum Power
Chapter VII Transformations in Domestic Violence and Conflict Resolution within a Midwestern U.S. Nuer Refugee Community
Jon D. Holtzman
Migration and Family Discord
Background to This Study
Nuer Marriage in the Sudanese Context
New Sources of Tension
The Changing Context of Conflict Resolution
Settling Disputes under Resettlement
PartTwo Social Regulation of Anti-social Behavior
Somehow, violenceslips back and forth through the interstices between family and soci­ety.
Chapter VIII Violent Crime and the Loss of Fathers: Beyond the Long Arm Wade C. Mackey
The Social Father: A Universal
One of the founding graybeards of anthropology, Bronislaw Malinowski (1927), be­lieved that “the principle of legitimacy” is one of the pillars upon which the organization of the family was built.
Fatherlessness and Violent Crime
The Abraiding of the U.S. Social Father
Cross-cultural Perspective
Women's Equity and Single Parent Births
Synopsis
Chapter IX The Godmother as Mediator: Constraining Violence in a Zapotec Village of Oaxaca, Mexico
Nicole Sault
Discussions of the factors contributing to violence usually focus on the role of men, ignoring women participants or portraying them as silent onlookers and victims.
Introduction: Call the Godmother!
Socialization for Mediation
The Power of Words
Why the Godmother? Liminality and Mediation
Changing Contexts for Harmony versus Adversarial Models
Conclusion
Chapter X Honor and Violence in a Brazilian Slum: Gendered Checks and Balances in the Politics of Everyday Life
Claudia Fonseca
The Research Setting
Honor
Personal Pride
The Social Dimension of Honor
Gossip
Final Remarks
Chapter XI Reprimand and Respect, Love and Fear, in Experiences of Violence in Colombia
Myriam Jimeno
Violence as Lived Experience
Situations of Violence
Meanings in Reprimand and Respect, Love and Fear
Experiences, Situations, Representations
Chapter XII The Paradox of Politeness
Dov Cohen and Joe Vandello
Violence and friendliness are usually thought to be opposites.
Politeness around the World
Keeping Conflict Hidden
Southern Hospitality
Dispute Resolution: Forgiving and Forgetting
Trade-offs and Possible Worlds
Part Three Institutional Architectures Mediating and Memorializing Violence
Besides the family, almost every other societal institution figures in the cultural shaping of violence.
Chapter XIII Violence by the Book: Redefining the Legitimate Use of Force in Municipal Policing
Stephen J. Lutes and Michael J. Sullivan
Introduction
The Legal and Social Definition of Police in the United States
The Cultural Dimension of Violence as a Reasonable, Legiti­mate, or Effective Response to Public Offenses
Chapter XIV Fortunes of War: From Primitive Warfare to Nuclear Policy in Anthropological Thought
Chapter XV Combat, Emotions, and the “Enemy”: Metaphors of Soldiering in a Unit of Israeli Infantry Reserves
Eyal Ben-Ari
Cognitive Models of Soldiering
The Unit
The Model of Combat
Combat, Survival, and the Rhetoric of Emotional Control
A Key Schema: Combat
Conclusion
Chapter XVI Being Broken in the Marines: The Social Construction of Belonging in the U.S. Marine Corps
Rhonda J. Moore
The more signs of a victim an individual bears, the more likely he is to attract disaster.
Send in the Marines
Understanding Marines
A Question of Value
Being Broken
Other Stigmatized Identities
Still Different... Still Men... and Still Broken
Some Conclusions
Epistemic Violence, Smear Campaigns, and Hit Lists: Disappearing the Palestinians
Violence Within and Against the Pacific
Liberation, De-Iiberations, and Stallings, or, Is the "Post"-here Yet?
Part Four Escalating Ecologies of Perturbation
Once upon a time, humans did not have to contend with violence beyond the hearth and their face-to-face community.
Chapter XX Violence in Madura: The Interplay of Resource, Culture, and History
Glenn Smith
Introducing Carok
Madura as Garrison and Tax Base
Resources and Violence
Shame and the Value of Women in Contemporary Madura
The Limits of Deterrence
The Future of Carok
Chapter XXI Ambivalent Exchanges: The Violence of Patronazgo in the Upper Amazon
Bartholomew Dean
Why is it that the leaders of one indigenous society—the Urarina of Peruvian Ama­zonia—rely on violent discursive formations when talking about debt peonage, even though coercive violence is not a primary aspect of this form of labor recruitment as practiced today?
Violent Exchanges: The Urarina Peoples and Habilitacion
Discursive Formations and the Violence of Patronazgo
Patronazgo: Postcolonial Stories of Violent Exchange
Mythopoesis and the Violence of Debt Peonage
Chapter XXII Taiwan's Consumerism, Gangs, and Violence
Charles V. Trappey
Official statistics and news reports show that criminal violence in Taiwan is increas­ing.
The History of Structural Violence
Behavioral Violence in a Consumer Society
Roots of Violence
Cultural Explanations for Violence
The Spirituality of Gangs
The Mathematics of Gang Violence
Intended Social Effects of a Culture of Impunity: The Case of Guatemala
Frank M. Afflitto
Investigating the Investigated
Perpetration of Violence, Culture of Impunity
Respondent Descriptions of the Perpetration of Violence
Defining and Understanding Guatemala's Culture of Impunity
Respondents Describe the Culture of Impunity
Social Disruption as Intended Consequence of a Culture of Impunity
The "Voluntary" Civil Self-Defense Patrol System: The Bi-Polar World of "Quislings" vs. "Subversives"
Dismembered Families: Violations of the Right to Life and the Right to "Know"
"Resisters" vs. "Acceptors": The Unanticipated Political Division of Guatemalan Society
Reaction to Resistance
Political Violence and the Public Eye
Chapter XXV Violence as Culture: “Educating” Political Prisoners in Romania
Gila Safran Naveh
Politics, History, and Ethnohistory
Chronology of Cultural Events and Cultural Shifts
Torture and Transference
Methodological Approach
Patterns in Case Histories
Selected Observations by Dr. Cucliciu
Integration of Points Brought Up during Sessions
Chapter XXVI The Moral Cycle of Egotistic and Altruistic Violence: A Century of Bloodshed in Colombia
Mario Fandino
The Puzzle of Historic Violence in Colombia
A Durkheimian View of Social Violence: A Scientifically (In)correct Approach
Anti-system and Specialized Social Movements
The Socio-structural Base for Colombian Historic Violence
An Outline of the Cyclical Trajectories of Egotistic and Altruistic Violence in Colombian History
Part Five Loose Ends: Reflections and Epilogue
The case histories in previous sections each focus on a genre of violence within a cir­cumscribed relationship or group.
Reflections on the Saami at Loose Ends
Myrdene Anderson
One More Case History: The Saami of Lapland
Childrearing: Starting at the Top, or the Bottom
Enter Habit and Consequence
Transforming Historical Shame and Imposing Colonial Guilt
Current Challenges
Chapter XXVIII Epilogue: Denaturing Cultural Violence
Myrdene Anderson
The Various Genres and Worlds of Violence
Conceptual Accountability—Culture, Society, Behavior
Cruelty, Not Quite a Deadly Sin
Resituating "Aggression" and Deflating "Power"
The Body and Other Natural Environments
A Fifth World? Displaced Persons and Peoples
Terror and Other Unsustainable Violence
Recapitulating the Interlocking, Amplifying, and Inhibiting Institutions of Violence
Positive Futures or at Least the Cultivation of Optimism
References
Index

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