Conclusion
Viewed from 1942, the highpoint of the Axis' imperial expansion, it is obvious that the imperial projects of Germany and Japan turned out to be radically new and different. Europe had never seen an empire like Hitler's.
The same can be said of East Asia and the so-called Co-Prosperity Sphere. As we have shown, there is an important point to add concerning the division of labor between the Axis powers. If we also consider Mussolini's Italy, fascist imperialism reveals manifold and complex relationships between the three countries. Imperial conflicts and crises played a significant role in each phase of their ever-closer links. First, in 1931-1932, Japan's expansion into Chinese Manchuria revealed the Axis powers' common interest in fascism, and led to the recognition of their joint geopolitical aims. In 1935-1936, Italy's conquest of Ethiopia, which it occupied until 1941, paved the way for a political alignment that served as the imperial background for the conclusion of the following Anti-Comintern Pacts. In 1940-1941, the swift creation of the brutal Nazi Empire in Europe paved the way for the military alliance. In a world marked by competing imperial enterprises, the Axis thus came together within an imperial nexus and, as a global geopolitical project itself, decisively influenced the imperial nature of the Second World War.Bibliography
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