Bibliographic Essay

For warfare and hunting see the following: Stan Hendrickx, ‘L'iconographie de la chasse dans le contexte social predynastique', Archeo-Nil 20 (2010), 106-33; Stan Hendrickx et al., ‘Late Predynastic/Early Dynastic Rock Art Scenes of Barbary Sheep Hunting from Egypt's Western Desert.

Overall studies of warfare and military imagery are as follows: Juan Carlos Moreno Garcia, ‘War in Old Kingdom Egypt (2686-2125 BCE)', in J. Vidal (ed.), Studies on War in the Ancient Near East: Collected Essays on Military History, Alter Orient und Altes Testament 372 (Münster: Ugarit Verlag, 2010), pp. 5-41; Anthony J. Spalinger, War in Ancient Egypt: The New Kingdom (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005); Rolf Gundlach and Carola Vogel (eds.), Militärgeschichte des pharaonischen Ägyptens: Altägypten und seine Nachbarkulutren im Spiegel aktueller, Forschung, Krieg in der Geschichte 34 (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schoningh, 2009); Susanna Heinz, Die Feldzugsdarstellungen des Neuen Reiches: Eine Bildanalyse (Vienna: Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2001).

Discussions of ritualised violence are Alan R. Schulman, Ceremonial Execution and Public Rewards: Some Historical Scenes on New Kingdom Private Stelae, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 75 (Leuven: Peeters, 1988), and Kerry Muhlestein, Violence in the Service of Order: The Religious Framework for Sanctioned Killing in Ancient Egypt, BAR International Series 2299 (Oxford: Archaeopress, 2011).

For weapons see Walter Wolf, Die Bewaffnung des altägyptischen Heeres (Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung, 1926); Yigael Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands in the Light of Archaeological Study (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963); Ian Shaw, Egyptian Warfare and Weapons (Princes Risborough: Shire Publications, 1999); and Gregory Phillip Gilbert, Weapons, Warriors and Warfare in Early Egypt, BAR International Series 1208 (Oxford: Archaeopress, 2004). For the physical impacts of some of those weapons, see J. M. Filer, ‘Ancient Egypt and Nubia as a Source of Information for Cranial Injuries', in John Carman (ed.), Material Harm, Archaeological Studies of War and Violence (Glasgow: Cruithne Press, 1997). On the chariot see Mary A. Littauer and Joost H. Crouwel, Selected Writings on Chariots and other Early Vehicles, Riding and Harness, Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 6 (Leiden: Brill, 2002), and Andre J. Veldmeijer and Salima Ikram (eds.), Chasing Chariots: Proceedings of the First International Chariot Conference (Cairo, 2012) (Leiden: Sidestone Press, 2013). On nautical aspects of the Egyptian military see Shelley Wachsmann, Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant (College Station and London: Texas A&M University Press and Chatham Publishing, 2008), and David Fabre (ed.), Le Destin maritime de l’Egypte ancienne (London: Periplus Publishing, 2004).

Examinations of Egyptian military texts include the following: Anthony J. Spalinger, Aspects of the Military Documents of the Ancient Egyptians (New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 1982); Colleen Manassa, The Great Karnak Inscription ofMerenptah: Grand Strategy in the 13th Century BC, Yale Egyptological Studies 5 (New Haven, CT: Yale Egyptological Seminar, 2003); Patrik Lundh, Actor and Event: Military Activity in Ancient Egyptian Narrative Texts from Tuthmosis II to Merenptah, Uppsala Studies in Egyptology 2 (Uppsala: Akademitryck AB, 2002); Heinz Felber (ed.), Feinde und Aufrührer: Konzepte von Gegnerschaft in ägyptischen Texten besonders des Mittleren Reiches, Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, phil.-hist. Klasse 78/5 (Leipzig: Verlag der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2005). For diplomatic aspects of Bronze Age warfare see Raymond Cohen and Raymond Westbrook (eds.), Amarna Diplomacy: The Beginnings of International Relations (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000).