Bibliographic Essay

A. Lintott, Violence in Ancient Rome, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), originally published in 1968 and only slightly revised in its second edition, remains fundamental.

Lintott's exploration of the realities of Roman gangs is part of a larger study of the nature of violence in the city of Rome which examines Roman habits of mind as well as the recurring practice of violence in Roman society. W. Nippel, Public Order in Republican Rome (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) reconsiders many of the same issues. The regulation and repression of violence is often his focus, and his study covers both the republic and the empire. To readers possessing German, Nippel's more detailed Aufruhr und Polizei in der romischen Republik (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1988) can be recommended. On the creation, organisation, deployment and historical ramifications of Clodius' gangs, the most extensive account is to be found in W. J. Tatum, The Patrician Tribune: Publius Clodius Pulcher (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999), which includes a discussion of Roman collegia and their role in Roman society. On the motivation and organisation of popular demonstrations, many of which became violent, P. J. J. Vanderbroeck, Popular Leadership and Collective Behavior in the Late Roman Republic (ca. 80-50 B.C.) (Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben, 1987) assembles the ancient evidence and offers a lucid analysis. On Roman neighbourhoods and their complexities, the best account is now H. I. Flower, The Dancing Lares and the Serpent in the Garden: Religion at the Roman Street Corner (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017).

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Source: Fagan Garrett G., Fibiger Linda, Hudson Mark, Trundle Matthew (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Violence. Volume 1: The Prehistoric and Ancient Worlds. Cambridge University Press,2020. — 756 p.. 2020

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