Bibliographic Essay

The most recent wide-ranging treatment of the topic is William J. Hamblin's Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC: Holy Warriors at the Dawn of History (London: Routledge, 2006).

Davide Nadali and Jodi Vidal (eds.), The Other Face of the Battle: The Impact of War on Civilians in the Ancient Near East (Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2014) includes a number of contributions that assess some of the costs of warfare that are not easy to measure from the largely ‘official' evidence that survives. The topics of resistance and rebellion are

28 Grayson and Novotny, Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, pp. 36-7. addressed in the following volumes: Seth Richardson (ed.), Rebellions and Peripheries in the Cuneiform World, American Oriental Series 91 (New Haven, CT: American Oriental Society, 2010); Timothy Howe and Lee L. Brice (eds.), Brill's Companion to Insurgency and Terrorism in the Ancient Mediterranean (Leiden: Brill, 2016); and John J. Collins and J. G. Manning (eds.), Revolt and Rebellion in the Ancient Classical World and the Near East, In the Crucible of Empire, Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 85 (Leiden: Brill, 2016)

On the campaigns of the kings of early Mesopotamia, see Benjamin Foster, The Age of Agade, Inventing Empire in Ancient Mesopotamia (London: Routledge, 2016), and Piotr Michalowski, The Correspondence of the Kings of Ur, An Epistolary History of an Ancient Mesopotamian Kingdom (Winona, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011). On the economic impact of early campaigns, see Steven Garfinkle, ‘The Economy of Warfare in Southern Iraq at the End of the Third Millennium BC', in H.

For topical discussions of early Mesopotamia, see J. N. Postgate, Early Mesopotamia, Society and Economy at the Dawn of History (London: Routledge, 1992), and Norman Yoffee, Myths of the Archaic State, Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005). Military organisation is discussed in Postgate, Early Mesopotamia, and in Stephanie Dalley, ‘Ancient Mesopotamian Military Organization', in J. M. Sasson (ed.), Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, 4 vols. (New York: Scribner, 1994), vol. i, pp. 413-22.

For the royal inscriptions from Mesopotamia, see the volumes in the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia series from Toronto University Press and the volumes in the Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period series from Eisenbrauns. On royal inscriptions see Mario Liverani, ‘“Untruthful Steles”: Propaganda and Reliability in Ancient Mesopotamia', in S. C. Melville and A. L. Slotsky (eds.), Opening the Tablet Box, Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Benjamin R. Foster, Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 42 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), pp. 229-44. For an overview of the historical events referenced in this chapter see Marc Van De Mieroop, A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC, 3rd edn (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016).

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