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Biblical Structural and Cultural Violence and Post-Biblical Intolerance

Biblical representations portray as legitimate direct violence in war, punitive violence associated with judicial proceedings and some retributive violence. Biblical literature also assumes social systemic or structural violence such as institutions of slavery and servitude, and ethnicity-based, gender-based and body-wholeness-based restrictions within ritual codes, and privileging of the free male in civil legal codes.

In terms of cultural violence, we see bias against non-Israelites, women and individuals with physical ‘blemish'. Cultural vio­lence might be the most ripe for subsequent generalisation in service of intolerance and violence in post-biblical contexts. Within the Bible, there is a spectrum of inclusive and exclusive views regarding ‘foreigners', but harsh rhetoric exhibited in some biblical texts has been generalised as a model for enacting many sorts of exclusive positions or general intolerance.

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Source: Fagan Garrett G., Fibiger Linda, Hudson Mark, Trundle Matthew (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Violence. Volume 1: The Prehistoric and Ancient Worlds. Cambridge University Press,2020. — 756 p.. 2020

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