CONTENTS

List of illustrations ix

List of contributors xi

Acknowledgments xvii

Introduction 1

ROBERT ALDRICH AND KIRSTEN MCKENZIE

Why colonialism? 3

ROBERT ALDRICH AND KIRSTEN MCKENZIE

PART I

Mapping the imperial turn 15

Introduction 15

1 Spanish—Indian encounters: the conquest and creation of new empires 17

FELIX HINZ

2 Floating Franks: the Portuguese and their empire as seen from early

modern Asia 33

JORGE FLORES

3 Empires, the Age of Revolutions and plantation America 46

TREVOR BURNARD

4 Facing empire: indigenous experiences of European empire in

comparative perspective, 1760-1820 59

MICHAEL A.

5 An early scramble for Africa: British, Danish and French colonial

projects on the coast of West Africa, 1780s and 1790s 72

PERNILLE R0GE

PART II

Planning empire 87

Introduction 87

6 The theory and practice of empire-building: Edward Gibbon

Wakefield and ‘systematic colonisation’ 89

TONY BALLANTYNE

7 Convict labour and the Western empires, 1415—1954 102

CLARE ANDERSON AND HAMISH MAXWELL-STEWART

8 New dynamics and new imperial powers, 1876—1905 118

MARK I. CHOATE

PART III

Locations of empire 135

Introduction 135

9 Empire at the floe edge: Western empires and indigenous peoples in

the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean, c. 1820—1900 136

ANNALIESE JACOBS

10 Empires of the Coral Sea 151

CLIVE MOORE

11 Colonialism in Palestine: science, religion and the Western

appropriation of the Dead Sea in the long nineteenth century 165

JACOB NORRIS

PART IV

People of empire 179

Introduction 179

12 Native women of the Americas in power (c. 1530—1880) 180

BLANCA TOVIAS

13 Neighbourly relations: nineteenth-century Western navies’

interactions in the Asia-Pacific region 194

CINDY MCCREERY

14 The Ottoman Roman Empire, c.

modern nation 208

NICHOLAS DOUMANIS

15 The making of the coloniale under the Third Republic 222

MARIE-PAULE HA

PART V

Imperial sciences 237

Introduction 237

16 Expanding Flora’s empire: Linnaean science and the Swedish

East India Company 238

CHRISTINA SKOTT

17 Anthropology and the British Empire 255

MARTIN E. THOMAS

18 Health and disease in the colonies: medicine in the Age of Empire 270

LAURENCE MONNAIS AND HANS POLS

19 Imperial science or the Republic of Poison Letters? Venomous

animals, transnational exchange and colonial identities 285

PETER HOBBINS

PART VI

Imperial spaces 299

Introduction 299

20 Place and space in British imperial history writing 300

ALAN LESTER

21 Lines across the sea: trans-Pacific passenger shipping in the age

of steam 315

FRANCES STEEL

22 Empire and city: the imperial presence in urban India 330

JIM MASSELOS

23 Hill stations, spas, clubs, safaris and colonial life 346

ERIC T. JENNINGS

PART VII

Imperial cultures 363

Introduction 363

24 Ottoman art, empire and the Orientalism debate 364

MARY ROBERTS

25 Environment and visual culture in the tropics: the Netherlands

Indies, c. 1830-1949 382

SUSIE PROTSCHKY

26 At play on the football fields of empire? 396

JOHN CONNELL

27 Pax Romana transposed: Rome as an exemplar for Western

imperialism 409

PATRICIA M.E. LORCIN

PART VIII

Making and unmaking empire 423

Introduction 423

28 British missions and missionaries in the high imperial era,

c. 1857-1914 425

JASON BRUNER

29 Religion and empire in the South Seas in the first half of the

nineteenth century 439

JOHN GASCOIGNE

30 Violence and empire: the curious case of Belgium and the Congo 454

MATTHEW G. STANARD

31 Human rights and empire 468

ROLAND BURKE

32 Resisting decolonisation: empire and Republic in post-war France 483

MARTIN C. THOMAS

Epilogue: imperial frictions.

empire history 497

ANTOINETTE BURTON

Index 502

ILLUSTRATIONS

1.1 Manuel Tolsa, Hernan Cortes as Caesar and founder of the empire ofNew Spain. 20

5.1 Slave-trading in Great Britain, France and Denmark, 1759—1811. 73

11.1 Palestine potash camp at Usdum, Dead Sea, between 1934 and 1937. 166

12.1 Anonymous, Marriage of Don Martin de Loyola and Dona Beatriz Nusta (XVII). 181

16.1 Scenes from the Sunda Straits, from report submitted by Carl Johan Gethe to

the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1740s. 245

16.2 Illustration from Gustaf Fredrik Hjortberg’s journal ‘Ost-Indisk Resa 1748

och 1749’. 246

16.3 Illustration from A Voyage to China and the East Indies, by Peter Osbeck. 250

17.1 M.V. Portman (photographer). Profile view of an Andamanese girl. 262

17.2 Donald Thomson (photographer). Raywala and Djaari sitting on a tree

platform, 1937. 263

19.1 Arthur Ernest Streeton, His First Snake. 289

19.2 Sketches of snake-bite experiments in the Melbourne Gaol. 295

22.1 View of Simla, probably late nineteenth/early twentieth century. 337

22.2 J.M. Gonsalves, Town hall, Bombay. 340

23.1 Andre Joyeux, La vie large des colonies. 349

23.2 Tam-Dao hill station, Indochina. 353

24.1 Jean-Leon Gerome, The Snake Charmer. 365

24.2 John Young, Sultan Mustapha Khan III. Twenty Sixth Ottoman Emperor

(Sultan Mustapha Khan III. Vingt sixieme empereur othoman). 369

24.3 Abdullah Freres, Young Album cartes de visite. 370

24.4 Stanislaw Chlebowski, Egri battle of Sultan Mehmed III. 372

24.5 Osman Hamdi Bey, Prayer in the Green Tomb (Yefl Turbe’de Dua). 373

24.6 Henriette Browne, Une visite (interieur de harem, Constantinople, 1860). 375

24.7 Photographer unknown, Princess Nazli Hanim. 377

25.1 Leo Eland, Rice Field in West Java. 386

25.2 Photographer unknown, Tobacco plantation in Deli (c. 1920). 391

Maps

7.1 European convict transportation sites, 1415—1954. 106

10.1 The Coral Sea and its surrounding nations. 152

ILLUSTRATIONS

10.2 Australia—Pacific trade routes through the Coral Sea in the nineteenth century. 154

21.1 Chart of route: Canadian Australasian Royal Mail Line. 322

Tables

7.1 Estimates of Spanish convict transportation flows, 1550—1911. 108

7.2 Estimates of French convict transportation flows, 1552—1938. 110

7.3 Estimates of British convict transportation flows, 1615—1940. 112