Greek language and literature
The first is most directly related to the original Renaissance movement. A new and more systematic search for ancient texts occurred from the fourteenth century onwards, as recently exemplified by Poggio Bracciolini’s discovery of Lucrece’s De rerum natura in an early medieval manuscript.3 However, the most important was not the discovery of Latin literature — not many previously unknown Latin texts were discovered during the Renaissance — but of Greek.
Very few scholars knew Greek in Western Europe in the Middle Ages and important authors, such as Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides and most of Plato’s works were completely unknown. The main exception to this was Aristotle — in the Middle Ages usually referred to as ‘the Philosopher’ — whose work were known in Latin translation and who was regarded as the great authority. Even the New Testament was mostly read in Latin. Now the Greek texts became known and scholars began to study Greek.
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