Any systematic review or synthesis of a vast amount of research studies within a certain spatial constraint is a daunting task.

The scholars in this Handbook have done an exceptionally remarkable job of review­ing, critiquing, and integrating a voluminous amount of literature in the four arenas of conflict.

As with the first Handbook, we organized this second edition in four specific contexts: (1) interpersonal, (2) organizational, (3) com­munity, and (4) intercultural/international. The four contexts continue to reflect the predominant fields in which scholars and practitioners research and apply conflict com­munication theories and principles. In the con­clusion of the first edition of the Handbook, we advocated using a social ecological theo­retical framework (or multilevel approach) that examines conflict communication within and across contexts (we interchange the words contexts and levels within this chapter). We argued that such a framework would provide some meaningful connection between and among the different levels or contexts of con­flict communication and would be beneficial for future theorizing, researching, and practic­ing of conflict communication.

We continue to believe that there is great benefit for multilevel approaches to be used as organizing tools, theorizing/research tools, and practical tools for the study of con­flict communication. Multilevel approaches include terms such as the social ecological framework/model, multiple levels of analysis, and multilevel theorizing. In this concluding chapter, we begin with a brief overview of the social ecological framework and multi­level theorizing. During this overview, we illustrate the ways some authors have used multiple levels of analysis to organize their literature review. In addition, we discuss two predominant themes represented across the chapters and how multiple levels of analysis provide depth to those themes: (a) exploring the factors that influence or shape conflict communication and dynamics, and (b) explor­ing the impact of conflict communication dynamics on outcomes. Finally, we describe two additional themes permeating the chap­ters and examine potential multilevel com­ponents of these themes and relevant future directions: transformation, globalization, and social media.