Learning Objectives

21.2.1 Describe how the relationship between biomass and energy is influenced by the life span of primary producers.

21.2.2 Summarize the factors that may influence why a greater proportion of net primary production is consumed in aquatic ecosystems relative to terrestrial ecosystems.

21.2.3 Evaluate how consumer thermal physiology, body size, diet preference, and digestive specialization can determine trophic efficiency.