Index

2G 33

3G 33, 477

4G 33, 477

5G 33, 126

ABC 460-61

ABI Research 483

absorption costs 331, 339 abstract models 57

access fees 301-2, 304

access markets 3, 23, 46, 199-200

access networks 5, 18, 29, 32-3, 36, 38, 40, 43, 301, 312, 348-58

Acquisti, A.

activism 166-7, 171-2, 176, 249, 357 addiction 148

Adobe 185, 555

Advanced Network Services (ANS) 539 Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) 533-5, 547 see also ARPANET advertising 15-16, 96, 165, 276, 426, 440, 443 see also marketing

and algorithmic selection 396, 400-402, 404, 406, 409-11,416

auctions 388-91, 394, 409, 427, 435-8

and big data 516, 519, 522

brief history of online advertising 426-30 and business strategies 351, 365, 372-3, 381 and competition law 186-7, 189-90, 206 and converged video services 476, 485, 489-91

and copyright 236, 241

and cultural economics 149, 156-7 display 257, 385, 403, 427-8, 434-5, 440, 464 and the Internet of Entertainment 556-7 and online news 444, 446, 448-51

and online video entertainment 461, 464, 466-7, 469-71

and privacy 248-50, 255, 257

quality 392-3

and search engines 385-6, 388-93, 406, 427-8, 435-40, 452

targeted 16, 156, 187, 190, 249, 275-6, 427, 429-34, 464, 516

Aereo 556

Agence France-Presse (AFP) 454-5

agent-based modeling (ABM) 83

Aggarwal, S. 17

Ahlborn, C. 206 Airbnb 185, 187

Akamai 7, 29, 34, 348, 350

Albert, R. 82

Alcatel Lucent 221

Alcouffe, A. 65 Alcouffe, C. 65 Algan, Y 106, 109 algorithmic selection 15-16, 395-7, 418-19 business models 407-9 innovation-co-evolution-complexity perspective 401-3

market phases and structures 403-7 operation model and functional typology 397-401

risk reduction 413-18

selected implications for traditional media markets 410-11

social risks 411-13

Alibaba Tmall 556

Almunia, J.

Altavista 190

Amazon 23, 152, 165, 187, 192-4, 196-8, 271, 374, 385, 388, 397, 403-4, 406, 411, 446, 452, 460-61, 466-7, 480, 483, 486, 491, 519, 562

Amazon Prime 40, 556 see also LoveFilm Cloud Player 562

FireTV 555

Instant Video 555-6

Marketplace 184-5, 205

Mechanical Turk (MTurk) 93

America Online 27

Anderson, C. 486

Anderson, P. 68-9

Anderson, R. 262, 266-8, 277-8, 281 Android 61,91, 191,482 angel investors 306, 310, 317 anticompetitive market structures 193, 196, 198, 201, 219, 232, 250, 257

antitrust policies 13, 24, 40, 45, 47-9, 97, 200, 204, 213, 471 see also competition policies cases against Google 183, 189-94

antivirus software 267, 270

Antonelli, C. 15

AOL 39, 65, 447, 451-2, 544

571

Apache 96-7, 111-12, 544

Apple 13-14, 165, 183, 196-8, 257, 271, 373, 385, 503, 519-20, 555, 562-3

App Store 236, 268, 444

Apple TV 466, 486, 555 iCloud 562

iPads 198, 444, 452, 454 iPhones 290, 444, 452, 503 iTunes Store 152, 373, 459, 461-2, 465-7, 486, 555, 562

Newsstand 452

application blindness 292, 294, 297, 299, 302­4, 306-7, 309-10

application innovation 288, 297-311 application programming interface (API) 30, 267, 366, 371, 380

application service providers 25, 40, 42-4, 349 appropriability 15, 102-4, 115, 323 apps 11,27, 30, 61, 124, 127, 236, 267-8, 444, 450, 452, 454, 486, 511, 515, 519, 557,

560- 61, 563

Argentesi, E. 189

Argentina 192

Argenton, C. 194

Aristotle 166

Arnback, A. 275

Arora, A. 279

ARPANET 25, 28, 64, 66, 213, 426, 533-8, 544, 547

Arrested Development 481

Arrow, K. 56

Arthur, WB. 38, 61, 222

artificial intelligence 401, 513-14, 561

Asghari, H. 14

Asia-Pacific Cooperation (APEC) 250, 258 ASPNET 97

Associated Press 455

asymmetric information 247, 250-51, 253, 258, 264-5, 271,278-80, 336, 371-2, 375, 419

AT&T 200, 216, 348, 350, 427, 480, 531-3, 537, 542, 547, 556

Athey, S. 433-4, 438-9

AtomFilm 555

auction sites 3, 365-6 see also eBay

Australia 8-10, 255, 357, 451

Austria 8-10

avatars 497, 505

Axelrod, R.

Ayata 514

Bachlechner, D. 269

Baidu 190, 398, 404

Bakos, Y 464, 466

Baldwin, C. 99, 104, 328

Ball, P. 57

bandwagon effects 3, 39, 147-8, 153, 214, 225, 539, 547

Bangladesh 172 Barabasi, A.-L. 78 bargaining power 235-6, 254, 307, 336, 353,

355, 358, 365, 374-6, 410-11, 471 barriers to entry see entry barriers Bartelsman, E.J. 137 Bauer, J.M. 12, 14, 204 Bauer, S. 15, 39

Baumol, WJ. 147 Baumol’s cost disease 147

Bavelas, A. 77 BBC 444, 446, 487, 556

BBVA banking corporation 510 Beinhocker, E. 59, 61 Belenzon, S. 106

Belgium 8-10, 449, 454 Bell System 531-3, 547 Belleflamme, P. 519 Benkler, Y. 12, 49, 104-6, 545 Bergemann, D. 433-4 Bermejo, F. 175

Berners-Lee, T. 27, 75-6

Besen, S.M. 14 Bessen, J.E. 102 Bettig, R.V. 175

Bhuiyan, A.J.M. Shafiul Alam 172 big data 16-17, 73, 381, 395-7, 416, 484-5 definitions 510-13

economic value of data 516-18 ecosystem 513-16

innovation and competition in 518-20 opportunities and challenges 520-23 Bijourama 195 bilateral agreements 346-7

Bing 185, 189, 191, 373, 398, 408, 410 Bioderma 195

Bitcoin 496

BitTorrent 43, 46, 202, 459, 555 Black September 555

Blizzard-Activision 501 blocking 201-3, 299-301 Blogger 307, 309, 444 blogs 326, 371, 379, 447, 450-52, 455 Bloomberg 445

Bloomreach 515 Bluetooth 33

Blu-ray 460, 467, 483 see also DVDs Bδhme, R. 269

Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) 534 Bonatti, A. 433-4

Bonneau, J. 254 Booking.com 185-6, 194, 198

Bork, R.H. 192, 206

Bosch Siemens Home Appliances (BSH) 195-6 Boston Consulting Group Hacker Survey 106 botnets 273-4, 277

bottlenecks 43, 46, 48, 193, 202, 277, 411 Bouchaert, J. 254

bounded rationality 57, 252, 258, 415

Bowen, WG. 147

Bowman, W 202

Boxee 555

boyd, d. 512

Bracha, O. 192

Bradley, C. 504

Brandenberger, A.M. 4

Brandes, U. 76-7

brands 168, 196, 267, 271, 403, 446, 466, 480, 503, 563 see also individual brands inter-brand competition 195-6 news 451-4, 456

Braverman, H.

Bravo, L.F. 200

Bravo-Lillo, C. 270

Brazil 120, 451

Brecht, M. 269

Bresnahan, T.F. 44, 68, 141, 339, 402 Brin, S. 388

British Telecom (BT) 487 broadband 5-6, 8, 11-12, 18, 24, 27-9, 32-3,

39-40, 42-3, 45-6, 137, 167, 202-3, 236, 326, 347-50, 356, 450, 458-60, 463, 470, 476, 480, 544, 547

first-generation 27-9

mobile 129, 326 see also mobile Internet ultra-broadband 27, 29

broadcasting 16, 23, 60, 127, 142, 147-8, 152, 155, 170, 229, 231-2, 276, 349, 444-7, 450, 455, 465, 475, 477, 489, 556

public service broadcasting 148, 446, 455 Broder, A. 81

Brown, I. 14, 47

Brynjolfsson, E. 124, 134, 336, 464, 466, 506 Buccirossi, P. 195, 205

Buchholtz, S. 516

Buffet, W. 453, 543

Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) 129-31, 133, 142

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 129, 136 Bush, R. 64

business models 24-5, 34

of algorithmic selection 402, 407-9, 411, 415, 418

and big data 511, 515-16, 519, 522

and business strategies 366-70, 375, 377-9

and converged video services 475-6

and copyright 232, 235-6

and cultural economics 155-7

and online news 443, 447

and online video entertainment 470

and search engines 388-9 taxonomy of 372-4

and virtual economies 495

walled garden 26-7, 477, 555, 558

business strategies 365-9, 396

and business models 367-9

for converged video services 476, 480-85,

491

core elements of 374-9

future of competition on the Internet 379-81 and the Internet of Entertainment 542 strategic properties of the Internet 370-72 Business.com 391 business-to-administration (B2A) industries 374

business-to-business (B2B) industries 365-6, 374, 416

business-to-consumer (B2C) industries 365-6,

374, 416

Buy 4 Less 205

Buzz 257

BuzzFeed 443

Byrne, D.M. 126, 128, 141-2

cable TV 23, 28, 156, 206, 300, 349, 432-3, 446, 461-2, 468-9, 475, 478, 481, 483, 485-6, 488, 554, 556-7, 560

Caillaud, B. 185-6

Calo, M.R. 257

Campbell, J. 257

Canada 8-10, 172, 300-301,450, 452 cannibalization 151, 380-81, 445 capacity building 134, 265, 522 capitalism 164, 166, 168, 173-6, 324 Cargill, C.F.

Casadesus-Masanell, R. 339

Case, S. 544

Cashin, J. 215-16

Cashmore, P. 451

Cassandra 514

Castronova, E. 16, 495, 504-5

Catchplay 482

Cave, J. 256

Cave, M. 46

Caves, R.E. 149

CBS 165, 460-61, 465-9

CCP 502

cell phones 126, 129, 156, 232, 391, 503 see also mobile Internet; smartphones

Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis (CAIDA) 81

Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) 278

Cerf, V. 216

certificate authorities 274-5, 280, 416-17

Cesareo, G. 170

Chakravarrty, P. 173

Chandler, A.D. 328, 330, 339

Chan-Olmsted, C. 446

Chen, M. 276

Chicago School 202

Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act 257

Chile 8-9

China 120, 171-3, 175, 190, 300, 403, 405, 477, 483-5, 501, 503, 556

China Mobile 220-21,477

Choi, J. P. 204

Christensen, C.M. 483

Chungwa Telecom (CHT) 476

Church, J. 49 churnware 444-5

Cisco 221, 325, 338-9

citizen science projects 93-4

Clark, D.D. 15, 39, 213

Clark, K.B. 328, 334

class divisions 165, 169, 172

Clauset, A. 79

Clayton, R. 273-4

Clayton Act 204

Clerckx, S. 199-200

click-through rate 385, 388-9, 392-3

Clinton, B. 447

cloud-based services 23, 29, 121, 124, 126-7, 132, 177, 281, 385, 431, 511, 553, 556, 559,

561- 6

Cloudera 514

CNN 444, 446

Coase, R. 61, 254

Cogent 348

cognitive biases 247, 252-3

Cognos 514

Coleman, E.G. 108, 113

Coleman, J.S. 85

collective management organizations (CMOs) 231, 233, 237, 240-41

Colombia 8-9

Comcast 43, 46, 202, 348, 350, 354, 461, 556 commodification 168-72, 175

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures database 266

commons-based peer production (CBPP) 95-6, 110-11

Communications Act 203 compatibility standards 37 competition policies 13-14, 24, 26, 47, 183-4,

205, 346, 379-81, 417, 471,478, 482, 532, 565 see also antitrust policies among search engines 189-94 at the infrastructure level 199-205 and online markets 184-9 vertical restraints in Internet commerce 194-8

complexity economics 24, 55, 59-60, 62, 74 CompuServe 27, 65, 444, 447

Computer Science Network (CSNET) 538 computerization 395-6 see also digitization of information

comScore 429-30, 461 Comte, A.

congestion 35-6, 39-42 connectivity 34, 72 ConsiderIt 415 Consoli, D. 334 consumer price indexes (CPIs) 129 consumer-to-consumer (C2C) industries 366, 374

consumption prices 129-31 content delivery networks (CDNs) 29, 31, 34-5, 39, 344, 348, 356, 358

content providers 13, 39, 43-4, 196, 199, 201, 204, 264, 347, 350, 373, 414-15, 447, 458-9, 462-5, 467-8, 470, 483-4, 486, 545, 553, 556, 562-3, 565

converged video services 475-6, 490 business strategies for 476, 480-85 case studies 487-90 development of 476-8 ecosystem and value chain of 478-80 revenue models for 485-7 cookies 248-9, 431,463, 527 Cooper, W 387 co-opetition 365-6 coordination-cost theory 307 copyleft 93, 111, 115 copyright 14, 92-3, 111, 146, 149-51, 157-9, 169, 229, 242-3, 414-15, 454, 458, 464-5, 503, 512, 555, 563-4

baseline model before digitization 229-33 remaining data issues 238-42 transposing copyrights to the Internet 233-8 Corbis 98 corporate social responsibility (CSR) 415-16 Corrado, C. 12, 126, 128, 134, 136, 138, 141-2 counterfeiting 148 Covisint 374 Crackle 461

Craigslist 185, 444, 448 Crawford, K. 512

Creative Commons License 96, 111, 237-8 creative goods and services 146, 148-50, 242 see also cultural economics and copyright 229-31,236, 239-40 impact of Internet on 150-55 pricing models 155-7

credit cards 252, 256, 275, 277, 400, 449, 500, 507

credit scoring 399, 401-2

Crocioni, P. 200

Crocker, D. 217

Crocker, S. 64, 66

crowdfunding 372

crowding out 105-7, 115, 204 crowdsourcing 92-3, 95-6, 371, 451, 545 Crucitti,P. 82

Cryan, D. 483

cultural economics 146, 553, 567 impact of Internet on 150-55 and Internet content 158-9 overview of 147-50 pricing models 155-7

Cusumano, M.A. 334, 337, 339 cyber insurance 269, 280 cybercrime 46, 263, 265, 274, 276, 278, 464, 470

cybersecurity 13-14, 86, 262-3 attacker behavior 276-7 as an economic problem 264-6 end user and organizational security 268-71 Internet intermediaries 271-6 policy options 277-81

software and platform security 266-8 cyberwar 263 Czech Republic 8-10

Dahlander, L. 112

Dailymotion 461, 482, 484-5, 490, 555 Danezis, G. 249 darknets 25

DARPA 25, 213, 216, 387-8, 547 data mining 513, 516 see also reality mining data protection 14, 47, 247, 250, 413, 416 see also privacy

DataSpora 514

dating sites 186-7, 366, 403, 405

Davenport, T.H. 324

David, P. 38, 106, 211

De Jong, J.PJ. 98

De los Santos, B. 198

de Martino, G. 490

de Muyter, L. 199

de Peuter, G. 175

de Streel, A. 200

Debatin, B. 251

Debian 113-14

DECNET 216

deep packet inspection 303

Deezer 40

Defense Communication Agency 536 degradation 201-3

Degryse, H. 254

Dell 366

Demange, G. 390-91

Demetz, L. 269

DEN 555

Denmark 8-10, 451

Denton, N. 451

Department of Commerce 216

Department of Justice 197, 205

Deutsche Telekom 200

dial-up 5, 27, 29, 55, 66, 499, 544, 554

DiffServ 42

Digg 72, 85, 398, 408

DigiNotar 275

digital dark matter 139-40

digital divides 412, 521

Digital Equipment Corporation 214, 536

Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) 460, 464

digital rights management 241, 416, 459

digital subscriber loop/line (DSL) technology 28-9, 32-3, 200

digitization of information 5, 55, 140, 146-7, 149-55, 159-60, 170, 234, 238-9, 242-3, 365, 396, 446-7, 553 see also computerization

Director, A. 206

DirecTV 482

discrimination 43, 66, 299-301, 310, 349, 412, 558

price discrimination 203-5, 248, 302, 375, 434, 464, 467, 516

Disney 165, 411, 556

display advertising 257, 385, 403, 427-8, 434-5, 440, 464

division of labor 172, 325, 328, 333

DoCoMo 338-9

DOCSIS 3.0, 32-3

Doctor, K. 454

Doerr, J. 483

Dolmans, M. 195

Doms, M. 142

dot-com bubble 443-4, 459, 543, 555

DoubleClick 444

Drake, WJ. 213-14

Drudge, M. 447

Drudge Report 444, 447

dual pricing systems 183, 195-6

Dungeons & Dragons 497

Durumeric, Z. 275

DVDs 156-7, 229, 254, 459-60, 462, 464-5, 467-9, 471-2, 483,563

Dyer-Witheford, N. 175

dynamic coordination of knowledge 327, 335, 337, 340

dynamic economic and social processes 84-5 dynamic pricing 368, 464

dynamic random access memory (DRAM) 126

eBay 23, 184-9, 193-4, 271,277, 304, 374, 388,

398, 400-401, 446, 519, 543 e-books 152, 183, 196-8 Echostar Slingbox 555 e-commerce 152-5, 160, 183, 194-8, 248, 251,

271, 358, 365, 374, 399-400, 403, 408, 413, 444-6, 450, 454, 485, 543 econometrics 150, 521-2

Economides, N. 49, 204 economies of scale and scope 27, 36-9, 45, 186,

271, 327-8, 335, 405, 455, 553, 563 Edelman, B. 251,279, 389, 437-8 e-democracy 75 education 148-9, 166-7, 232, 242, 273, 396,

566 e-government 75, 557 e-health 203, 557 Einsturzende Neubauten 156

Eisenmann, T. 339

Elance 94

Ellison, G. 205

Ellison, S.F. 205, 439

Elta 482 e-mail 84, 203, 248, 291, 296, 302, 326, 373,

428-9 employment 23, 146, 239, 396, 501 end use licensing agreements (EULAs) 500,

504 end-to-end principle 30-31, 63-7, 288, 292-9,

303-4, 306, 309-10, 344, 346, 401, 545, 547

English, R. 106 entrepreneurialism 25, 42, 44-5, 48, 58, 86,

104, 290, 306, 310, 367, 451 Entropia Universe 499, 502 entry barriers 25, 45, 47, 237-8, 376, 406, 415,

453, 456

entry rates 24, 37

Erdos, P. 74, 80

Erdos-Reny (ER) network 82 e-readers 124

Erickson, K. 159

Ernkvist, M. 501

ESPN 462, 466-7

ESPN3, 350, 460

Estonia 8-10

Ethernet 64, 295 ethics 151, 171, 412, 416-17

Euler, L. 73

European Commission 191-5, 200, 203-4,

258

European Court of Justice (ECJ) 183, 195 European Parliament 206, 256

European Union 28, 47, 49, 97, 173, 197, 200, 250, 257-8, 301, 414, 501, 503, 512 competition policies 183

and productivity 122-4, 132, 136-7, 139-41

TFEU see Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Europeana 151

Evans, D.S. 186, 188, 205-6

Eve Online 496, 499, 502

EverQuest 495-6, 505

EverywhereTV 556 evolutionary theory 4, 24, 61-2, 529-48 ex post liability 255

Excite 447

Expedia 185-7, 194 experimentation 92, 102 externalities 15, 24, 26, 37, 41-2, 154, 211, 501,

519

and business strategies 366, 371

and complementarities 137-40

and cybersecurity 264-5, 272, 280-81

and evolution of the Internet 536, 539, 545-6, 548

negative 35, 247, 250, 253, 258, 264, 277-8, 505

and platforms 323, 325, 327, 339 positive 37-8, 60, 264, 277-8, 506, 535, 541 and productivity 120, 122, 127, 134-7, 139-40

‘eyeball’ networks 347, 350, 353-4, 358

Facebook 14, 32, 40, 61, 72, 156, 366, 451, 519, 545, 562

and advertising 385, 391, 430

and algorithmic selection 397, 403-4

and competition law 184, 187, 191

and cybersecurity 271, 276

and online news 444, 450

and political economy approach 165, 174-5

and privacy 251-2, 256-8

and virtual economies 495, 499, 503

Faggio, G. 137

Fallows, D. 385

Farmville 499

Farrell, J. 211 fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) 429 faucet-drain system 497, 499, 506-7 Faulhaber, G.R. 206

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

18, 28, 201-3, 206, 222, 532-3, 546

Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 190-92, 249, 256-8

feedback 24, 63, 107, 189, 307, 309, 335, 371, 400-401, 406, 453, 543

loops 169, 406, 541

negative 3, 62-3

positive 3, 45, 59, 62-3, 406

Feijoo, C. 17, 517

feminism 167-8, 170, 172, 176

Fernandez Alvarez-Labrador, M. 200 file sharing 35, 157, 185, 204, 238, 296, 459,

464-5, 470, 555 see also peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic

File Transfer Protocol 67, 535

Filistrucchi, L. 189

financial service providers (FSPs) 274-5

Financial Times 444, 449, 452

Finland 7-10, 451

Firefox 91,97, 257, 291-2

firewalls 303

first-generation broadband 27-9

flat rates 39-40, 187, 356, 466, 565

Flickr 98, 307, 309, 371, 486, 555

Florencio, D. 271,276-8

follow-on creation 231-2

Fordism 325-6

Forman, C. 136

Fox 460-61

Foxconn 171

France 8-10, 65, 198, 255, 405, 451-2, 454-5, 480, 490

France Telecom 65

Frangos, J. 78

fraud 271, 275-6, 500 see also identity fraud

free and open-source software (FOSS) 91-2, 95, 97, 99, 104, 106-9, 111-15, 170-71 see also open-source software

Free Press 176

free software movement 170-71

free trade agreements 171

Freeman, C. 324

Freeman, L.C. 77

freemium strategies 16, 157, 373, 449-50, 476, 485-6

free-riders 149-50

free-to-play games 495, 497, 502-3, 506-7

Friedman, M. 57

Frischmann, B.M. 97

Frommers 98

Froomkin, A.M. 217, 504

Frye, C. 215-16

Fryer, H. 280

Fu, W 435

Fuchs, C. 170, 174

G20 124

Gale, D. 390-91

Gal-Or, E. 432, 434

Gal-Or, M. 432, 434

Galton, F. 73

game theory 24, 73, 83

gaming 11, 16, 40, 153, 234, 293, 365, 372, 482, 495, 545, 554, 561 see also video games; virtual economies

free-to-play games 495, 497, 502-3, 506-7

games with a purpose (GWAP) 93, 115 massively multiplayer online games 372-3, 498, 506

mobile gaming 33, 495

real money trade 495, 499-507

Gandal, N. 49

Gannes, L. 458

Gans, J.S. 49, 433

Garcia, D.L. 17, 26

gatekeeping function 271, 373, 400, 402, 412, 519

Gaudin, G. 198

Gawer, A. 334, 337, 339, 519

Gawker Media 444, 451

Gaynor, M.S. 270

gender 165, 169, 172

general equilibrium theory 45, 121 see also perfect competition

General Public License (GPL) 545

general purpose technologies (GPTs) 31-2, 36, 44-5, 68, 135, 150

Generalized DiffServ architecture 42, 44-5 generalized first-price auctions 199, 389, 394, 435

generalized second-price auctions 391, 394, 427, 435-8

Generation C 139

Gerbarg, D. 458

Germany 8-10, 198, 255, 405, 416, 451-2, 454-5, 556

Ghosh, R. 85, 105-6

Giddens, A. 172

GitHub 95

Gizmodo 451

global financial crisis 120, 122-4, 132, 137,

427

Global Network Navigator (GNN) 427 globalization 168, 171-2, 378, 553, 556 GNOME data 112

Gnutella 555

gold farming 501-2

Goldfarb, A. 257, 432, 435

Gomes, R. 438-9

Gomez-Barroso, J.-L. 17

Google 13-14, 47, 310, 325, 373, 397, 478, 519, 545

Ad Auction 388-91

AdSense 399, 401, 410, 444

and advertising 386, 388-92, 399, 401,410, 427-30, 435, 444, 452

and algorithmic selection 398, 400, 403-4, 406, 408, 410-11,416-17

antitrust cases against 183, 189-94

Chrome 97

Chromecast 555

Chromium 96-7

and competition law 183, 185, 187, 189-91 and cultural economics 155-6

and cybersecurity 271, 276

Google bombs 412

Google Glass 175

Google Images 98

Google Maps 191, 371

Google M-Labs 7

Google Music 562

Google News 398, 400, 408, 410, 444

Google Play 555

Google Scholar 115

Google Search 40

Google Shopping 191-3

Google TV 466

Google video 98

and interconnection regulation 348, 350

and the Internet of Entertainment 555,

562- 3

and online news 398, 400, 408, 410, 443-4, 452, 455

and peer production 91, 96-7

Play Store 268

and political economy approach 165, 175 and privacy 257-8

Street View 175, 256

Gordon, L.A. 268

Gordon, R. 124, 126, 132, 140

GoTo.com 388, 427 see also Overture governance 86-7, 91-2, 94-6, 98, 108, 110-15, 271-2, 281, 397, 402, 413-14, 418-19, 521, 531, 541, 548

platform governance 26, 323, 334-6, 339 Granovetter, M. 83 graph theory 73-6, 80 graphical user interface 514

Greece 8-10

Greenstein, S. 49, 139

Gross, D.A. 222

Gross, N.C. 85

gross domestic product 121-3, 131, 133, 140, 149-50

Grossklags, J. 252

Groupon 374, 377

growth accounting 121-2, 134, 136, 138, 141-3

Guardian 455

Gurry, F. 237

Gutenberg Project 151

Ha, L.S. 446

Habbo 499, 502 hackers 278, 500, 535 see also cybercrime hacktivists 265

Hadoop 514

Hafner, K. 215

Hagiu, A. 31

‘half is wasted’ dilemma 430-31

Halo 497

Han, D. 175

Hanaro Telecom 476

Handke, C. 12, 160, 238

Hardt, M. 175-6 hardware 37, 47, 60, 136, 164, 190, 215, 217,

235, 264, 267, 305, 337, 339, 405-6, 408,

418, 477, 514-15, 519-20, 558, 561, 563

Harris Interactive 481

Haucap, J. 13, 205

Hawk, T. 462

Hayek, F.A. 56-7, 59, 61

HBO 461-2, 466-9, 556

healthcare sector 270, 396, 522

Heimeshoff, U. 205

Hemerly, J. 515

Henderson, R. 339, 519 herding effects 84-5

Herley, C. 271,276-8

Hermalin, B.E. 203, 253

Hewlett Packard 338, 545

Hilbert, M. 142

Hildenbrand, J. 76-7

Hitt, L.M. 336

Holland, J.H. 59-60, 63

Hollnbuchner, K. 16

Horizon 2020, 121, 523

hosting providers 271, 274, 278

House of Cards 480-81, 484-5, 489

Huffington, A. 452

Huffington Post 439, 444, 452

Huhh, J.-S. 506

Hulu 98, 373, 460-61, 464-9, 478, 481, 486, 489-90, 556

Hulu Plus 464, 468, 486, 489

Hungary 7-10

Huws, U. 170

Hyperion 514

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 27

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 27, 64, 292, 295

Iansiti, M. 337

IBM 47, 91, 96, 214, 216-17, 385, 406, 427,

536, 545, 562 Iceland 8-10 identity fraud 248, 252, 255-6, 500 illegal activities 25, 263, 265, 400, 517 see also cybercrime income distribution 86, 166 India 173, 192, 405 individualization see personalization Indonesia 405 InfoChimps 514 information and communication technologies

(ICTs) 11, 15 basic elements of 326-7 and big data 517, 519, 523 and business strategies 365 and cultural economics 146, 152, 154-5 and cybersecurity 262-3, 268 and Internet standards 216-17 and platforms 323-7, 333-4, 338-40 and political economy approach 164, 171-2 prices 127-31 and productivity 120-24, 127-40 and search engines 393 information asymmetries see asymmetric information

information cascades 84-5 information disclosure 252, 254-6, 258, 273 information economics 264

Infoseek 447 infrastructure 23, 25, 28-9, 32-3, 35-6, 38,

42-3, 45, 49, 67-9, 75-6, 396, 418, 453, 463, 514-15, 517, 519-20, 529, 533, 553, 557, 562, 564-5, 567 infrastructure as a service (IaaS) 29, 373 InnoCentive 94 innovation 15, 24-5, 27, 29-30, 32, 37, 40-45,

55, 58-9, 61, 67-8, 192, 233, 257, 262, 453, 491

and algorithmic selection 395, 401-2, 407, 415, 418

application innovation 288, 297-311 and big data 512, 515-16, 518-20, 522 and business strategies 366-7, 371, 377, 379-81

and cultural economics 151, 160

and Internet architecture 288, 292, 297-309 and the Internet of Entertainment 533-4, 536, 548, 553, 559, 564, 567 network science approach 72, 87 and peer production 91-2, 95, 99-102, 104-5

and platforms 323-9, 331-5, 337-9 and privacy 256-7

and productivity 122-4, 126-7, 132, 140­

41

technological see technological progress and virtual economies 503, 506 input-throughput-output model 397-8, 418 INRIX 515

Instagram 562

instant message processor (IMP) 534-5 institutional arrangements 13-15 insurance 269, 280, 375, 396, 512 integrated services digital network (ISDN) 48 Intel 338-9

intellectual property rights 13-14, 36, 95, 165, 168, 174, 176, 212-13, 229-30, 289, 307, 366, 377, 470-71, 503-4, 519, 523, 562 see also copyright

and algorithmic selection 412-13

Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) 427-9 InterActiveCorp (IAC) 403, 405 inter-brand competition 195-6 interconnection regulation 33, 344-50, 358-9 bounding the outcome of peering negotiations 353-6

charging the consumer 356-8 simple model of interconnection and cost 350-53

International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) 173, 176

International Competition Network (ICN)

195

International Confederation of Authors and Composers Societies (CISAC) 237

International Conference on Computer Communications (ICCC) 535

International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) 240

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 211,216, 269, 279, 539

International Telecommunication Regulations (ITRs) 222

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 14, 18, 26, 218, 220-23

Internet Activities Board (IAB) 213

Internet architecture 288-90, 309-11, 336-7, 465-6, 529, 535, 541

and design principles 290-94

impact of on application innovation 297­309

original architecture 294-7

Internet Brands 96

Internet Configuration Control Board (ICCB) 213

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) 26, 64, 541

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) 14,

26, 42, 45, 62, 64, 112-13, 211,213, 215­19, 221-4, 559

Requests for Comments (RFCs) 64-7 Internet exchange points (IXPs) 34

Internet Explorer 97, 292, 544

Internet Governance Forum (IGF) 26

Internet of Entertainment 17, 553-67 see also video entertainment

Internet of Science 17

Internet of Things (IoT) 17, 47, 124, 141, 177, 281, 380-81, 395, 415, 511, 557

Internet Protocol (IP) 18, 27, 29, 32-3, 35-7,

39, 42-3, 45, 48, 61, 64, 66, 69, 79, 204, 218, 294-7, 459, 478-9, 535-6, 558 see also Transmission Control ProtocolZInternet Protocol

and productivity 124, 131

Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) 475-8, 480-81,

483, 485-6, 488, 490-91, 557

Internet relay chat (IRC) 276

Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) 541 Internet service providers (ISPs) 15, 32-4, 39, 43-4, 67, 344

and business strategies 373, 381

and competition law 183-4, 200-204

and converged video services 484

and cybersecurity 265, 271-4, 278 and interconnection regulation 346-50, 352-3, 355-8

and the Internet of Entertainment 544-6, 556

and online news 447, 452

and online video entertainment 470-71

and productivity 129, 131

Internet Society 26, 64, 213, 216, 220, 222, 541 Internet standards 13-14, 211, 264, 269, 366,

559

challenges to TCPZIP 214-17 commercialization of the Internet 217-19 early history of 213-14 economics of 211-13

government challenges to the IETF process 222-4

MPLS standard controversy 219-22 Internet Studies 3

Internet.org 174-5 interoperability 30, 37 investment prices 127-9 invisible hand hypothesis 58-9, 165, 328 Ioannidis, C. 269, 281 iPad 198, 444, 452, 454 iPhone 290, 444, 452, 503

Ireland 8, 10

Isaacson, W 120

Israel 8-10

Italy 8-10, 198, 451-2

iTunes Store 152, 373, 459, 461-2, 465-7, 486, 555, 562

ITV 487, 556

Japan 8-10, 28, 190, 405, 451,477, 485-6, 488

Jentzsch, N. 256

Jin, D.Y 172

John, L. 252-3

Johnson, M.E. 270

joint ventures 30, 171, 330, 332, 336, 477 journalism 16, 91, 170, 401-2, 407, 443,

446-8, 451-3, 455, 566 see also media; newspapers

Jullien, B. 185-6

Jung, G. 506

Juniper Networks 221

Just, N. 16

Kaggle 94

Kahin, B. 458

Kahneman, D. 247

Kaiser, U. 205-6

kaizen 388

Kamangar, S. 388

Karamti, C. 142

Katz, M.L. 37, 203, 211, 253

Kaye, B.K. 427

Kazaa 555

Kelty, C.M. 108

keywords 192, 266, 389, 392, 447

Kim, B.C. 204

Kim, D. 334

Kim, E. 432-3

Kindle 198

Kingsbury Commitment 531

Kinsley, M. 448

Klemperer, P. 391

Knieps, G. 12

Knight, F. 57

Knight, S. 80-81

knowledge-intensive service sectors (KIBS) 327

Knowles, I. 16

Kogut, B. 334

Kollock, P. 105

Kolstad, C.D. 255

Konigsberg Bridges Problem 73, 77

Korea 8-10, 28, 172, 192, 451, 476-7, 482, 485, 487-9, 501,503

Korea Telecom (KT) 476

Koutroumpis, P. 11

Kramer, J. 201,206

Kranz, J.J. 15

Krishna, V. 391

Kung, L. 16

Kwon, J. 270

labor productivity 120-22, 127, 129, 132, 139­40, 142, 147-8

Lahaie, S. 436-7

Landini, F. 104-5

Landweber, L. 537

Langlois, R.N. 328

Latvia 8-9

Latzer, M. 16, 398, 404

layering 30-31, 65, 288, 291-2, 294-5, 297, 309 lean production 325

leapfrogging 190, 377, 379

Lee, B. 506

Lee, M. 175

Lehdonvirta, V 501

Lehr, WH. 15, 39

Leifiend, P. 80

Leiner, B.M. 218

Leonard, H.B. 390

Lerman, K. 85

Lerner, J. 105, 217-19

Levchenko, K. 277

Lever, W.H. 430

Levi, H.E. 206

Levien, R. 337

Levin, C. 544

Levin, J.D. 134, 433-4

Lewin, K. 73

Leyden,A. 195

Leyton-Brown, K. 436, 438

Liang, L. 437

licensing 111,212, 231-3, 236-7, 241,416, 500, 533, 556

Liebowitz, S.J. 38

Limelight 348, 350

Linden Lab 502

Lineage 496

LinkedIn 184, 192

linkLine 200

Linux 91, 111, 113-14, 339, 352, 544

Litan, R. 203

Litecoin 496

Liu, Y.-l. 16

living standards 120, 122, 131, 139

lock-in effects 38, 115, 212, 243, 267, 269, 378, 523, 564

Loeb, M.P. 268

Loggly 515

Lonely Planet 98

long tail hypothesis 153-4, 450, 454, 462-3, 467, 469, 471

Lopez, P. 142

LoveFilm 157, 482, 556 see also Amazon Prime

Lucarelli, E. 222

Luchetta, G. 206

Lucier, B. 436

Luxembourg 8, 10

Lycos 447

Lyon, M. 215

Ma, W. 16

Maass, C. 410

Maathuis, I. 214

MacKie-Mason, J.K. 35, 41

Macleans 450

Macromedia 555

Madison River Telephone Company 202 magazines 187, 206, 386, 426, 440, 444, 448,

450, 452, 454, 462, 561 see also print media

Majumdar, S.K. 24

Makro 195

Malaysia 405

malware 37, 72, 270, 273-4, 276

Manne, G.A. 191,206

Mansell, R. 172-3

MapleStory 503

MapReduce algorithm 375, 514 margin squeezes 199-200 marginal utility 3

Margolis, S.E. 38

market equilibrium 3, 56

market failures 253, 258, 263, 278

market for lemons problem 265, 267, 271 market power 38, 43, 45-8, 67, 152-5, 188-9,

200, 202-4, 301, 308, 324, 349, 353, 355, 357-8, 381,411, 413, 418, 544, 564-5 marketing 15, 85-6, 393, 413, 480 see also

advertising; telemarketing

and advertising 432-3

and big data 516, 519

and business strategies 377, 380

and copyright 230-31

and cultural economics 153, 157-8

and the Internet of Entertainment 556, 563,

566

and online video entertainment 466, 471 and political economy approach 165, 171, 176

and privacy 247, 250, 252-3, 258 markets, roles and limitations of 45-8 Marks, E. 506

Mars Clickworkers 94

Marx, K. 73, 164-6, 172

Mashable 444, 451

massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) 372-3, 498, 506

MasterCard 271, 277

Match.com 403, 405

Matthew effect 78, 86

Maurer, S. 97-8

Mazepa, P. 13

McAfee, A. 124, 278

McChesney, R.W 169, 175-6

McDowell, R.M. 222

MCI 542

McLuhan, M. 564

Mechanical Turk (MTurk) 93

Media Science 515

mediamatics 475

Medoff, N.J. 427

Meehan, E.R. 169

Megaupload 157

meritocracy 112-13

Merton, R.K. 78

Metcalfe’s Law 134-5, 140, 142

Mexico 7-10, 300

Meyer, D. 64

Miadidas.com 366

Michigan Educational Research Information Triad (MERIT) 538-9

micropayment 236, 449, 454 microprocessors 126-7, 140, 326

Microsoft 13, 47, 91,97, 115, 165, 185, 191, 258, 267-8, 271, 277, 325, 338-9, 403, 406, 410, 444, 447, 466, 514, 544, 555

Microwave Communications, Inc. 533

Milberry, K. 171

Milgrom, P. 433-4

Mill, J.S. 164

Miller, A.R. 270

Miller, J.H. 59-60, 63

MILNET 536-7

MindArk 502

Minecraft 496, 545

Minitel 65

Miramax 459

Mitra, S. 279

mobile gaming 33, 495

mobile Internet 28, 33, 39, 50, 129, 232, 301, 326, 349, 396, 428, 452, 454, 470, 475, 554, 557, 561

mobile TV 477-8, 485, 489-91

Mocavo 398

modular systems 30-31, 325, 328-9, 519 modularity 30-31, 65-6

monopolization 183, 200, 202, 254, 300, 315, 336, 411, 471, 532-3, 547, 564

Montesquieu 73

Moore, T. 266, 269, 274

Moore’s Law 559-60

Moreno, J. 73

Morrissey, B. 427

Mosaic 27, 444

Mosco, V. 13, 170

Mostyn, H. 195

motivation 13, 57, 91-2, 96, 98, 103, 105-10, 113-14, 298, 332, 346, 415

and cultural economics 146-8, 150, 159 Motta, M. 200

Movielink 459

Mowery, D.C. 215

Mozilla 91, 97, 257

MSN 386, 447-8

MSNBC 444, 447

multi-channel video program distributors (MVPDs) 460-8, 470-71

multimedia on demand (MOD) 476 multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) techniques 126

multiplexing 36, 126

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 211, 219-22

multi-sided platforms (MSPs) 3, 31-2 multi-user dungeons (MUDs) 497-8 Murdock, G. 169

Murray-Rust, P. 511-12

museums 147, 149, 151

music platforms 399-400, 403, 406, 562

music streaming 40, 152, 237, 241, 409-10, 419 see also creative goods and services

Mymuesli.com 366

MySpace 276

MySQL 514

Nagaraja, S. 249

Nagle, F. 139

Nalebuff, B.J. 4

Napster 444

Narrative Science 401

narrow APPA 198

narrowband 24, 27-8, 34, 566

NASA 562

NASDAQ index 542

National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST) 216

National Research Council 458

National Science Foundation (NSF) 27, 50, 523, 537-41, 547

NSFNet 426, 537-41

national security 263

National Security Administration (NSA) 14, 400

National Vulnerability Database (NVD) 279 NBC 165, 447, 460-61

negative externalities 35, 247, 250, 253, 258, 264, 277-8, 505

negative feedback 3, 62-3

Negri, A. 175-6

Nekipelov, D. 438

Nelson, R. 62 neoclassical economics 55-9, 100, 134, 264 Net Nanny 398 net neutrality 201-3

Netcraft.com 386

Netflix 29, 40, 157, 160, 300, 348-51, 373, 397-8, 403, 407, 409, 460-62, 464-9, 478, 480-85, 489-91, 545, 555-6, 562-3

Netherlands 8-10, 391

Netscape Navigator 27, 91, 97, 444, 542-4 network access points (NAPs) 33 network effects 3, 14, 27, 31, 36-9, 61, 115, 251, 386, 521, 539

and algorithmic selection 405-6, 418 and business strategies 366, 371, 378 and competition law 184-8, 190 and cultural economics 155-6 and cybersecurity 267, 271, 275 and ICT externalities 134-9

and the Internet of Entertainment 553, 559, 564-5

and Internet standards 211, 214

and network science 78, 84-5

and online video entertainment 466, 471

and productivity 122, 127, 140-41 network neutrality 43-4, 300 network of networks 23, 25, 33, 55, 66, 344, 558

network science 3-4, 12, 60, 72-3, 86-7 contribution to Internet economics 82-6 evolution of 73-6

Internet global structures 80-2 major concepts of 76-80 new economy 24, 49

New York Times 291-2, 373, 444-5, 449

New Zealand 8-10

Newman, M. 75

Newman, N. 16

News Corp 165, 411

newspapers 93, 156, 167, 187, 234-5, 276, 291­2, 373, 386, 400, 409, 426, 440, 444-5, 447, 449-50, 453-5, 467 see also journalism; online news; print media

Nexon 503

Next Internet 177

next-generation networks (NGNs) 5, 18, 27 see also ultra-broadband

Nielsen 430, 460

Nieuwesteeg, B.F.H. 279

Noam, E. 17, 253, 458

Noel, M.D. 206

Nokia 156, 477

non-player characters (NPCs) 497-8

norm setting 108-9

normative framing 108-9, 114

Nortel 542

North, D. 541, 548

Norton 398, 400

Norton, B. 354

Norway 8-10

NOTTV 485-6, 488

Novell 114

Nowey, T. 269

nudging techniques 275-6

O2O 483-4

Obama, B. 250

Odlyzko, A. 40

OECD member states 6-10

OhMyNews.com 444, 451

oligopolies 149, 154, 164, 564

O’Mahony, S. 112

on-demand services 160, 366, 410, 450, 463, 471, 476, 481-2, 487, 491, 555-6

online labor markets 94-5

online news 16, 152, 170, 189, 234-5, 257, 395­6, 399-401,407-11,414-15, 419, 443-5, 455-6, 566 see also newspapers organizational implications 453

outlook 454-5

Web 1.0 era 445-8

Web 2.0 era 448-52

Ookla 7

open collaborative innovation 94-5

open data 511-12, 522

Open Data Institute 511

open distribution models 238

Open Internet Principles 202

open platforms 26

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 214-16, 539

open-source software 122, 171,238, 267, 520, 544-5 see also free and open-source software

Operations, Administration and Management (OAM) 220

OpinionSpace 415

Oracle 514, 562

Orange is the New Black 480, 489

O’Reilly, T. 427

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 222, 232, 234, 236-7, 396, 512, 516, 521

Origin 498

orphan works 150-51

Osterwalder, A. 367

Ostrom, E. 106, 110

Ostrovsky, M. 438

outsourcing 325, 328

overlay networks 29, 34-5

over-the-top (OTT) services 16, 29, 40, 475-8, 480-83, 485-6, 490, 556

Overture 388, 427

Owen, B.M. 458

Pacific Bell 200

packet loss 296

packet switching 533-4

Padgett, J.F. 83, 546

Paes Leme, R. 439

Page, L. 388

Page, S.E. 59

PageRank algorithm 388

paid peering 33-4

Palm 338-9

Pandora 40, 562

Parks Associates 481

participative platforms 271, 275-6

Pasquale, F. 192

passwords 262, 271, 276, 483

Pastor-Satorras, R. 79

patches 267, 273, 279

patent laws 169, 229, 232, 238, 388

path dependency 26-7, 37-9, 212, 367, 529, 546

Patrucco, P.P. 15, 334

pay TV channels 152, 160 see also cable TV payment service providers 274-5

PayPal 307, 309, 555 pay-per-click 189-90, 408-9, 431,436, 438 pay-per-use 444, 449

pay-per-view 236, 373, 461,469, 476, 485-6 paywalls 443, 445, 449

peer production 12, 91-8, 114-15 advantages of 99-105 diverse redundant mechanisms 110-14 success of 105

peering arrangements 33-4, 39, 344, 347-8, 351, 354-8

peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic 11, 31, 34, 46, 157, 202, 237-9, 459, 464-5, 545, 547, 555 Peitz, M. 24, 519

Pennock, D.M. 436-7

Perez, C. 541-2, 545

perfect competition 45, 56-7, 122 see also general equilibrium theory

perfect markets 323, 330

Perry, M. 391

personalization 159, 169, 192, 248, 395-6, 450, 516, 523, 553, 561

Pfizer 277

Philippines 405

phishing 271, 274

Photobucket 98

Picard, R.G. 16, 160, 475

Picot, A. 15

Pierre Fabre case 183, 195

Pierson, P. 529

Pigneur, Y 367 Pigou, A.C. 35

Pinterest 562

piracy 235, 237-9, 465, 471, 563 see also file sharing; unauthorized copying

plasticity 31-2, 49

Platfora 514 platformization of markets 366, 408 platforms 186, 323-6, 366, 381,408, 429-30,

443, 465, 479, 490, 495, 519, 537, 545, 561 basic elements of ICTs 326-7 exploitation of technical knowledge 327-33 governance 26, 323, 334-6, 339 markets 15, 31 new organization of the generation 327-33 variety and dynamics of 334-8

Plato 166

PloS 111

Poland 8-10, 449

Polanyi, K. 530 political economy approach 163, 176-7 commodification, spatialization and structuration 168-72

definition of 163-8 new directions 172-6

Pollock, R. 206

Polo, M. 200

Ponemon Institute 248, 255 Porter, M.E. 366, 368, 374, 410 Portugal 8-10

positive externalities 37-8, 60, 264, 277-8, 506,

535, 541

positive feedback 3, 45, 59, 62-3, 406

Posner, R.A. 206, 249-50

Powell, M. 202

Powell, WW 83, 546 power laws 79-80 power relations 163-4, 168, 170, 175, 177 Powerplay campaign 409 predatory pricing 199-200

predictive policing 15, 399-400, 408-9 Preibusch, S. 254

price discrimination 203-5, 248, 302, 375, 434,

464, 467, 516

price elasticity of demand 231, 248 price squeezes 199-200 PricewaterhouseCoopers 234 pricing 39-42, 46, 167, 410, 448, 470, 490 dynamic 368, 464 of information goods and services 146, 153, 155-7 print media 16, 150, 170, 426, 430, 444-9, 451, 453-6, 467 see also magazines; newspapers

Prisoner’s Dilemma 83

privacy 13-14, 47, 166, 247, 381, 518, 521-2, 563-4

and algorithmic selection 395, 401, 411,413, 415

costs and benefits of 248-50

economic impact of regulation 253-8 justifications for regulation 250-53 markets in 253-4

policies 14, 251, 254, 256-7 privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) 417 prize systems 94-5

Prodigy 65, 427

productivity 12, 23, 120-41, 325, 327, 534 labor productivity 120-22, 127, 129, 132, 139-40, 142, 147-8

total factor productivity 121-4, 131-2, 134-5, 137-41

profitability 11, 188, 277, 304, 327, 374-5, 381, 397, 400, 409-11, 419, 433-4, 437, 476, 480, 484, 489, 500-501

Project Piano payment system 449

property rights 253-4, 264-5, 500, 503-4 prosocial behavior 107-10

Prufer, J. 194

Prusak, L. 324

Pseudo.com 555

PSINet 27

public awareness campaigns 415

public goods 97, 106, 109, 147, 150, 155, 157, 159, 264-5, 545

public interest 11, 25

public service broadcasting 148, 446, 455

public services 147, 150, 166, 278, 408, 523, 537 public switched telephone network (PSTN) 48, 346, 349

Purcell, K.J. 385

Python 97

Qi, Q. 437

QQ.com 404

quality of service (QoS) 26, 35-6, 40-49, 203-4 Quill 398, 401

QWERTY keyboard 38

Rackspace 562

radio 26, 67, 110, 126, 149, 155, 163-4, 169-70, 231, 237, 430, 446, 453, 535

Rambler 190

Ransbotham, S. 279

Rapid Information Overlay Technology (RIOT) 399-400

Rapid Share 157

Rdio 156-7

Reagle, J.M. 108

real money trade 495, 499-507

reality mining 396, 400 see also data mining really simple syndication (RSS) 429, 444, 450 RealNetworks 555

RealPlayer 185

ReCAPTCHA 93 receiving-party-pays principle 201, 204

Red Hat 91, 114, 545

Redbox Instant 556

Reddit 398, 408

Reflect 415

rent-extraction properties 105 rent-seeking activities 46

Reny, A. 74, 80 see also Erdos-Reny (ER) network

Requests for Comments (RFCs) 213 research and development (R&D) 44, 68, 131, 138, 142, 324, 328-9, 336, 338, 380, 405, 408, 516

resource constraints 3

retailing see e-commerce

Reuters 445

revenue models 14, 16, 235, 372-3, 409, 452, 458-9, 461,471, 475-6, 482, 490-91, 501-2, 507

for converged video services 485-7

Rey, P. 202, 206

Rhapsody 156-7

Ricardo, D. 164

Richardson, G.B. 336 rich-get-richer phenomenon 78, 86 robot.txt files 411, 414

robustness, of the Internet 81-2

Rochet, J.C. 334

Rogers, E.M. 85, 540

Rohlfs, J. 211, 539

Roku 555

Roller, L.-H. 11

Romanosky, S. 256, 279

Romer, P. 58

Rosen, S. 153 routers 41

Rowe, B. 271

Ruby 97

Russia 190, 405

Ryan, B. 85

Sadowsky, G. 14

Safari 257

Salon.com 444, 447-8

Saloner, G. 211

Saltzer, J.H. 292

Samsung 486, 489

Sandvine 351, 357

Santa Fe Institute 59

Santagata, W 148-9

Saudi Arabia 300

Saurwein, F. 16

Schafer, M.T. 546

Schankerman, M. 106

Schiller, D. 172, 175

Schmalensee, R. 186, 205 Schneider, V. 12, 80

Schneier, B. 276

Scholz, T. 170

Schuett, F. 201, 204

Schultze, S.J. 12

Schumpeter, J 24, 58, 61

Schumpeterian competition 13

Schweik, C.M. 106

Screenblast 459

scripting languages 97 search engines 15, 165, 185, 235, 254, 304, 365, 385-94 see also individual search engines and advertising 385-6, 388-93, 406, 427-8, 435-40, 452

and algorithmic selection 395, 398, 400-401, 403-4, 406-9, 411-12, 414-17

and big data 514 competition among 189-94 and cultural economics 155-6, 160 and cybersecurity 271, 275-6 and online news 447, 449 search engine optimization 400, 412-13, 439 two-sided matching 386-7, 393

search management platforms (SMPs) 429-30 Sears 427

Second Life 496, 499, 502, 545 security 25, 46, 93, 132, 247, 255-6, 262,

303, 396, 409, 521-2, 563-4 see also cybersecurity

self-regulation 45, 255, 397, 414, 416-18 semiconductors 31, 126, 131-3 service providers see Internet service providers (ISPs)

SETI@Home 94

Severe Tire Damage 555

Shapiro, C. 3, 37, 115, 211, 378, 458

Shapiro, J. 106

Sherman, R. 16

Sherman Act 206

Shetty, N. 280

Shirky, C. 445, 545

Shortall, T. 46 shovelware 444-5

Showtime 468

Siciliani, P. 200

Sidak, J. 192, 200, 206

Sightsound.com 459

Simcoe, T. 215, 218 Simmons, C. 175

Simon, H.A. 78

Singapore 28, 405

Singer, H. 203 single-hop access 354-5 single-monopoly-rent hypothesis 202

SK Telecom 477

Skocpol, T. 529

Skype 29, 184, 300

Slate.com 444, 448

Sling TV 462, 467, 556

Slovak Republic 8-10

Slovakia 449

Slovenia 8-10, 449

small but significant non-transitory increase in price (SSNIP) 188-9

smart TVs 466, 469, 482, 486 smartphones 6, 30, 121, 124, 126, 141, 229, 236, 290, 450, 452, 477, 559-60

Smit, W.A. 214

Smith, A. 56, 58, 164-7, 328

Smythe, D. 163, 170

SNA/APPN 216

Snapchat 72

SNL Kagan Research 468

social media 72, 84, 555 see also Facebook; networking

and algorithmic selection 395-6, 401, 406, 409,416

and big data 510

and business strategies 365-6, 368, 379

and competition law 184, 187

and converged video services 484

and copyright 229, 235, 240

and cultural economics 156, 160

and evolution of the Internet 545-6

and online news 444, 447, 450-52, 455 and political economy approach 165, 167, 174-5

and privacy 249, 252, 254, 257

and productivity 124, 141

and virtual economies 504

social network analysis 74, 108-9

social norms 59, 289

social welfare 247, 249-50, 396-7 Socrates 166

software 11, 45, 59-60, 66, 198, 249 see also free and open-source software and algorithmic selection 401, 405 antivirus software 267, 270

and big data 510, 512, 514-15, 519-20 and copyright 229, 236

and cultural economics 149

and cybersecurity 262, 264-8, 278

free and open-source software 11-15, 91-2,

95, 97, 99, 104, 106-9, 170-71

and Internet architecture 298

and the Internet of Entertainment 545, 556, 558, 561, 564

and online news 445, 450, 452-3, 456 open-source software 122, 171, 238, 267, 520, 544-5

patches 267, 273, 279

and peer production 91,95, 97, 102, 105, 111 and platforms 326-7

and political economy approach 164, 170-71 and productivity 122, 126-7, 131

and virtual economies 504-5

SoLoMo 483-4, 491

Solow, R. 58, 121-2

Somers, M. 529

SoMoCloGlo 483-4

Song, M. 205-6

Sony 459-61, 502, 555

PlayStation 3/4, 466

PlayStation Vue 556

sources-of-growth (SOG) framework 121 sources-of-growth (SOG) literature 122, 134-6, 140

South Korea 28

Spain 8-10, 405, 451-2

spam 273-4, 276-7, 398, 400

spatialization 168-72

Speta, J. 66

spillovers 25, 60, 122, 136, 138-40, 325, 546-7

Spotify 40, 156-7, 241, 373, 397-8, 400, 403, 411, 562

Sprint 542

Spulber, D.F. 86

Sputnik 533

Stallman, R. 111

standardization 14, 30, 38-9, 327, 416, 523, 564 see also Internet standards

standard-setting organizations (SSOs) 212-13, 218-19

Star Wars: Galaxies 502

start-ups 60, 305-6, 324, 367, 447, 450, 452 see also entrepreneurialism

Stein, B. 50

Stepan, P. 12

Strickling, L.E. 222

Strogatz, S.H. 78

strongly connected component (SCC) 81 structuration 168-72

Stuhmeier, T. 13

subscription models 156-7, 236, 241, 344, 346, 356, 372-3, 409-10, 445, 448-50, 500, 522, 556 and converged video services 476, 485-6 and online video entertainment 460-62, 464-9

and virtual economies 503

Sun Microsystems 97, 215, 545

Sunstein, C. 258 supercomputers 94, 142, 538 superstar theory 148, 153-4, 156, 159 see also winner-takes-all dynamic

supply chains 328, 377, 380

Supreme Court 200 surveillance 14, 175, 191-2, 247, 249, 398, 400,

406, 409, 415, 418 see also privacy Sussman, G. 176

Sweden 8-10, 198

Sweeney, K. 438-9 switching costs 184, 190, 267, 301, 308, 378, 386, 504

Switzerland 7-8, 10, 455, 556

Sybase 514

Syverson, C. 137

tablets 141,229, 450, 452, 454, 503, 560 Taiwan 171, 476, 482

Taleb, N.N. 62

Tang, Q. 273

Tang, Z. 256

Taobao 404

Tardos, E. 439 targeted advertising 16, 156, 187, 190, 249, 275-6, 427, 429-34, 464, 516

taste formation 12, 147, 150

taxes 157, 171, 346, 417, 505, 557

Taylor, C.R. 248

technological progress 3-12, 23-4, 26-7,

29, 32-3, 35-9, 44, 48-9, 55, 58, 60, 62, 84, 91, 165, 174, 263, 417, 501, 529 see also information and communication technologies

and advertising 426-7, 430

and algorithmic selection 396, 402, 413-15, 418

and big data 510, 515, 519, 521-3

and business strategies 365-7, 370-71, 375, 377-8

and converged video services 475, 478

and copyright 229, 233, 238

and interconnection regulation 345, 349 and Internet architecture 304

and the Internet of Entertainment 531-4, 540-42, 544, 548, 553-4, 556, 558-9, 561, 564, 567

and Internet standards 211-12, 216-19

and online news 443-4, 447, 451, 456

and online video entertainment 458-9, 469

and platforms 323-8, 331-5, 337-9

and privacy 254, 256

and productivity 120-21, 124-7, 131-2, 135 Tee, R. 339 telecom services 126-7, 131, 137, 172, 184, 326, 345-6, 475-6, 480, 531, 542-3, 547, 556-7 Telecommunications Act 1996, 542 Telefonica 200, 562 telemarketing 248-9, 253 TeliaSonera 200

TeraData 514 Terranova, T. 175

Text Retrieval and Extraction Conference 387-8

Thailand 405 Thaler, R. 258 The Onion 462 The World 27, 50 theoretical foundations 12-13 third-party cookies 248-9, 257 Thomas, R.C. 279

Thompson, D.R.M. 436, 438 TIBCO 514

Ticketmaster 152

tier 1 networks 34, 272 Time Warner 350, 544, 556 Tirole, J. 105, 202, 206, 217-19, 334 Tiropanis, T. 75

TNZ 451

TopCoder 94 Torvalds, Linus 113 total factor productivity (TFP) 121-4, 131-2, 134-5, 137-41

Towse, R. 12, 147, 160, 238 trademark law 169, 229 traffic management 28-9, 32-6, 39-46, 126, 141, 201, 211,272-3, 276-7, 303, 344-5, 347-9, 352-3, 355, 357-8, 557

Trajtenberg, M. 44, 68, 141 transaction costs 31, 61, 152, 230, 232-3, 238, 241, 253-4, 256, 307, 358, 365-6, 372, 374-5, 378, 401, 407, 419, 429, 449, 541

Transmission Control ProtocolZInternet Protocol (TCPZIP) 28-9, 34-5, 39-41, 44, 46, 63, 66, 295-7, 535-6, 539, 547 challenges to 214-17

transparency 29, 40, 43, 46, 66, 109, 112, 114, 194, 203, 237, 247, 358-9, 365, 416 transport payments 349, 357

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 183, 195, 197, 200, 203-4 Trinko 200

TripAdvisor 95, 98, 187 trust 112, 290, 330-31, 401

TRUSTe 251

Tsai, J. 251

Tucker, C. 257, 270

Turkey 8-10

TV Everywhere 460, 465, 467, 470 Tversky, A. 247

Twitter 72, 85, 156, 174, 192, 257, 404, 444, 450-51

two-sided matching 386-7, 393

Ubuntu 114 UDN 482

Ultima Online 496, 498-9, 502, 506 ultra-broadband 27, 29, 326 see also next­generation networks

unauthorized copying 149-50, 159 see also copyright; piracy

unbundling 193-4, 236, 529 Union for Democratic Communication 176 United Arab Emirates 300

United Kingdom 8, 10, 198, 255, 405, 451-2, 455, 481, 487, 512

United States 8-10, 14, 39, 43, 47, 255-6, 358, 367, 386, 512, 529

and advertising 426, 428-30, 440

and algorithmic selection 403-5, 416-17 and competition law 183, 192, 195-6, 200-206

and converged video services 476-7, 480, 483, 489-90

and cybersecurity 270-73, 275, 279 interconnection regulation 344-5, 348-9, 356-7

and Internet architecture 300-301

and the Internet of Entertainment 531-3, 537-40, 543, 545-6, 556, 558, 560

and Internet standards 216-17, 222-3 and online news 446-7, 451-2, 454-5 and online video entertainment 458-60 and peer production 97, 106 and political economy approach 160, 172-3

and privacy 249-50, 257-8

and productivity 120-24, 126-9, 131-3, 136-7, 139-40

and virtual economies 501, 503, 523 universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) 326

Universal Service Directive 203-4 universalism 166

universality 15, 26, 79, 370, 372-4, 430, 564 Unix 215

Upwork 94

URLs 79, 271,277, 503 User Data Protocol (UDP) 64, 295-7 user reputation 187-8 user-generated content 146, 148-9, 158-9,

170, 240, 450, 460-62, 464, 466, 469, 555, 561

and online video entertainment 458

Uzzi, B. 536

Vail, T. 532 value chains 277, 344, 349, 365, 374-5, 377-8,

380, 408, 476, 478-80

of converged video services 478-80

and copyright 230, 235-6

value creation 134, 371, 380, 397, 402, 407-9,

459

value proposition 407-8

van Ahn, L. 93, 115 van Ark, B. 12, 123 Van Beijnum, I. 220 van Eeten, M. 14, 273 van Schewick, B. 14-15, 201,295, 297 vanishing hand hypothesis 328

Varian, H.R. 3, 15, 35, 41, 115, 248-9, 378,

389- 90, 427, 435, 437-8, 458, 511 Vasek, M. 274

Veach, E. 388

Veljanovski, C. 200 venture capitalism 306, 310, 330 Venturini, F. 479

Verizon 202, 350, 461, 482, 556, 562 vertically-related markets 42-3

Vespignani, A. 79

Viacom 461, 465, 467, 556 Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism

390- 91, 437

video conferencing 41, 302

video entertainment 11, 23, 33, 38, 98, 232,

234-5, 240-41, 300, 344, 403, 452, 458-9, 475, 554, 557, 567 see also converged video services; creative goods and services as agent of change 558-61 comparisons to offline media 462-5 content aggregation and market structure 465-7

future of online entertainment 470 industry development 459-62 multi-media windowing model 467-70 programming content 467-70 research needs 470-71

video games 41, 151, 153, 458, 495-6,

498-9, 503-4 see also virtual economies; individual games real money trade 495, 499-507

video journalism 91

video on demand (VOD) services 460-61,

463-9, 476, 486-7

Vietnam 405

Vimeo 98, 461,469, 555

Virgin Media 481

virtual economies 495-7, 506-7

how the real and virtual economy interact 499-504

origins of 497-9

research in 504-6

virtual worlds 16, 495-7, 499-501, 503, 505-6

viruses 86

VISA 271,277

Vogel, L. 195

Voice-over-IP (VoIP) 32, 38, 41,47, 202,

373

Von Hippel, E. 98-9, 101, 104

von Wiese, L. 73

Vratonjic, N. 275

VUDU 460, 555

wage labor 169-70, 174

Waldfogel, J. 24

Wales, J. 113

Wall Street Journal 349, 445

walled garden business model 25, 27, 477, 555, 558

Wal-Mart 460, 555

Walrus, L. 56

Wanadoo 200

Wanamaker, J. 430

Wang, Q.-H. 505-6

Warner Bros. 451

Warsaw Institute for Economic Studies 512

Wash, R. 270

Washington Post Company 448

Wasko, J. 173

Waterman, D. 16

Watts, D.J. 77-8

Waverman, L. 11

Waz, J. 222

Web 1.0, 443-4

Web 2.0, 72, 379, 395, 427, 444, 450

weblogs see blogs

Weblogs Inc. 107

WeChat 484

Weiser, PJ. 218, 222

Werbach, K. 66

Westin, A. 247

WhatsApp 32, 184

Wheelwright, S.C. 334

Whinston, M.D. 206

White, A. 198

White, H.C. 83

Whitt, R.S. 12

Wi-Fi 33, 110

Wikipedia 91-2, 95, 97, 100, 106-9, 111-13,

192, 403-4, 444, 451-2, 544

wikis 371, 379 see also individual wikis

Wikitravel 96

Wikivoyage 96

Wildenbeest, M.R. 198

Wildman, S.S. 16, 432-3

Williams, D. 505

Willinger, W. 79

Wilson, F. 484, 486

WiMax 33

Windows 267-8, 444, 562 winner-takes-all dynamic 86, 148, 154, 156,

160, 406 see also superstar theory wireless capacity 124, 126 wireless local area networks (WLANs) 33 wireless personal area networks (WPANs) 33 Wittneben, B. 249 Wondracek, G. 276 Wood, D. 271

Workshop on the Economics of Information

Security (WEIS) 266

World Association of Newspapers 448

World Conference on International

Telecommunications (WCIT) 222-3

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 240

World of Warcraft 372-3, 496, 499, 501, 506

World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) 174

world systems theory 168

World Telecommunication Standardization

Assembly (WTSA) 221

World Trade Organization (WTO) 174

World Wide Web 5, 16, 27, 39, 75, 81, 100, 126,

304, 401, 541-3, 547

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 64 worm attacks 267

Wright, J. 31, 191, 206

Wu, T. 46

Wunsch-Vincent, S. 14

xDSL services 29

Yahoo! 190-91, 291, 310, 386, 388, 392, 398,

404, 408, 410, 430, 435, 444, 447, 555 Yandex 190

Yelp 95-6

Yoffie, R. 339

Yoo, B. 506

Yoo, C.S. 86

Youku Toudu 555

YouTube 72, 98, 191,241, 348, 350, 404, 444,

450, 459-64, 466, 469, 478, 482, 484-5,

488, 545, 555-6

YouView 482, 487

Yuan, J. 435

Yves Saint Laurent perfume 195

Zattoo 556

Zerdick, A. 372 zero-price rule 44, 99, 201, 204, 346

Zeus 276

Zhang, X. 435

Zhao, Y. 172-3

Zittrain, J. 480