Index

Note: Page numbers followed by “m” refer to maps.

Abbasids 530=531

Abduh, Muhammad 537,543, 557

Abdul-Baha 603

Abolitionism 496

Abraham, Prophet 389=390,3.96,429,508,513, 524.

Abrahamic religions see Christianity; Islam; Judaism

Abu Bakr 509, 526,528=529,538

Acts of the Apostles 450,459

Acupuncture 310

Adam and Eve 4.71,4.76, 513

Adhan 519-520

Adi Granth 238, 239, 240, 243, 244=245, 248, 250, 251, 257, 258, 259

Advaita Vedanta 113

Adventism 15, 580-587

After Auschwitz (Rubenstein) 413

Agni 119,129

Ahimsa 211, 213-214, 217, 221, 225, 226-228, 231=232

Ahmedinejad, Mahmoud 534

Ahriman see Angra Mainyu

Ahura Mazda 353=354,355=361, 363=364,37-2, 374, 37.6

‘A’isha 516, 527=528,52.9=530

Aje 96

Ajivas 216-217, 218

Akai Purakh 245-247

Akamba 91-92

Akbar the Great 132, 220

al-Abbas, Abu 531 al-‘Adawiyya, Rabi'a 553 Aladura Church 84.

al-Afghani, Jamal al-din 536,543 al-Banna, Hassan 537,543

Alexander the Great 361, 363

al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid 515,556

al-Ghazali, Zaynab 544

^eAli 509., 528=530

Alkalai, Yehudah Hai 414.

Allah 507,512, 602

al-Qaeda 538,542

al-Rashid, Harun 531

al-Saadawi, Nawal 544

al-Shabazz, Malik see Malcolm X

Alternative Religious Education Network 601

Altizer, Thomas J. J. 607

Amadiume, Ifi 93

Amaterasu 324=325, 327=328, 330,336, 345

American Indian Religious Freedom Act 52

American Muslim Mission 541

American Unitarian Association 604

Arnesha Spentas 355=356, 357,372

Amir, Yigal 416

Amitabha Buddha 176-177,193,19.9.

Amma 72,75, 78

Ammachi “Mother” 149.

Amrit 238, 241

Anabaptists 478

Anahita 363

Analects (Four Books) 275, 277-280, 283, 293, 295, 296

Anatman/Anatta 163-164

Anga 213

Angabahya 213

Angels 514=515

Anglican Church 4.78

Anglican Communion of Churches 485

Angra Mainyu 354,356=357, 360=361,363, 374.

Animal sacrifice 87,142

Anime, and Shinto 335, 336

Anthropocentrism 77=78

Antiochus IV, King 398,426

Anti-Semitism 437, 466, see also Holocaust

Antislavery movement 496

Apache 41,42=43, 50

Apocrypha 459

Apostles 450, see also Paul of Tarsus

Apostles’ Creed 469,486

Apostolic succession 469

Applewhite, Marshall Herff 597

Aquinas, Thomas 4.75

Arab Spring movements 534, 544

Aranyakas 119

Arati 141,143

Archambault, David, Jr. 53

Arda VirazNamag (The Book of the Righteous Viraz) 3 74,375

Arhats 169

Aristotle 354

Anus 470

Armstrong, Garner Ted 581

Armstrong, Herbert 581

Art, Father 458-459

Artharva Veda 119.

Artwork see Religious artwork

Arya Samaj 134=135

Asaga 210

Asahara, Shoko 592

Asha 354-355, 356,357., 36Q, 376

Ashanti.75, 76

Ashoka, Emperor 168-169,183,185,194

‘Ashura 540

Asma’u, Nana 83

Association of Shinto Shrines, The 334

Astral voyages 594

Ataturk 533

Atheism 13, 608-610

Atlantic slave trade 85

Atman 108, no, 113-114

Atomism 15

Atsutane, Hirata 331-332

Augustine, Saint 455,470-472,4.76

Aum Shinrikyo 592-593

Aung San Suu Kyi 19.7

Aurora (Boehme) 594

Avatars 107-108, see also Krishna; Rama

Avesta 359, 361=362, 365,371, 375

Awonawilona 38

Axis mundi (center of the world) 34, 35,43

Axumites 80

Azande 90

Aztecs 38, 48-49

Baal Shem Tov 406-407

Babri Masjid mosque 137

Backhaus, Bhira 253

Baghdadi Jews 420

Baha’i Faith 602-604

Baha’u’llah 602-604

Balfour, Arthur 414=415

Bambuti 91

Bangladesh

Islam in 533=534

Rohingya fled to 543

Bantu 80-81

Baopuzi (Master Who Embraces Simplicity) (Ge Hong) 289, 300

Baptism 445=446,449., 458, 473,476,484,489,495

Bar/Bat Mitzvah 382-384,430-431

Bardo Thodol see Tibetan Book of the Dead

Barrish, Lawrence Koichi 344

Bartholomew I “the Green Patriarch” 496

Basso, Keith 42

Battle of Badr (624 ce) 527

Battle of the Camel 529-530

Bene Israel 419-420

Berg, David Brandt 583

Berger, Peter 10

Berkovits, Eliezer 413

Bernard of Clairvaux 475

Bernstein, Ellen 419

Besant, Annie 588

Beyond God the Father (Daly) 49.7

Bhagavad Gita 107-108,111-112,120,122-123,133,135,142,150

Bhagavata Parana 123-124

Bhajan 147

Bhakti marga 110,111-112,148,150

Bhaktivedanta, A.C., Swami 588

Bharata 212

Bharatiya Jana Sangh (Indian People’s Alliance) 137

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 137zzl3ß, 15Q

Bhutan

Vajrayana Buddhism in 179

Bible 355, 458-459, see also Gospels; Old and New Testaments; Ten Commandments Bilal 526

Bindis 139,149.

bin Laden, Osama 535, 538, 542

Birth of child

in African religions 91-92

in Judaism 429-430

in Sikhism 258

Bishops 455,469

Bismarck, Otto von 481

Black Elk 41,44

Black Elk Speaks 41

Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna 587

Bodhidharma 178

Bodhisattvas 172-174, 33Q

Bodu Bala Sena (BBS) 197

Boehme, Jacob 594

Boisselier, Brigitte 596

Book of Beliefs and Opinions, The (Saadiah) 403

Book of Changes (Yying) 270-271, 274, 285

Book of History (Shujing) 274

Book of Mormon 575-576,578

Book of Odes (Shijing') 274

Bori spirits 82, 83, 88-89

Boston Confucians 296

Brahma 105,124,131

Brahman 104,105,106,108,110,113-114,15Q

Brahmanas 119

Brahmins 103,115,142-143

Brahmo Samaj 134

Branch Davidian Church 581-582

Bread for the World 496

British East India Company 133

Brown, Joseph Epes 43,44

Buddha (manga) 201

Buddha nature 171

BuddhaNet.com 201

Buddhas 161,170-172,174,176,195, see also Amitabha Buddha; Gautama the Buddha

BuddhaZine.com 201

Buddhism 156-205

belief in samsara 17

Bodh Gaya 14

Buddhas 161,170-172,174,176,195

Buddhist Councils period 168-169

cycles of creation/destruction cosmology 15-16

early sites of 158m

Engaged Buddhists 196-197

environmentalism and 198-199

The Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path 164-165 funerary rites 199-200

gender roles and identity 197-198

global Buddhist population 188m

holidays and festivals 156-158,195-196

in India 130,183

interdependent origination doctrine 162-163,198

karma and rebirth 165

monastic life and meditation 189-194

nirvana 14,18, 22,161-162,165,166

sacred spaces and objects 194-195

spread and transmission of 183-188,184m

Three Marks of Existence 163-164

timeline 159

in twenty-first century 201, 591,592, see also Amitabha Buddha; Chan Buddhism; Gautama the Buddha; Mahayana Buddhism; Nichiren Buddhism; Pure Land Buddhism; Shingon Buddhism; Tendai Buddhism; Theravada Buddhism; Tiantai Buddhism; Tibetan Buddhism; Vajrayana Buddhism; Zen Buddhism

"Buddhist Climate Change Statement to World Leaders" 199

Buddhist Global Relief 196-197

Buddhist Peace Fellowship 196-197

Bundahishn (Primal Creation) 362

Burakurnin 326

Burkina Faso.72

Burmese Empire

Theravada Buddhism in 184, see also Myanmar

Byzantine Empire 472-473

Caddy, Eileen 607

Caddy, Peter 607

Cahokia 49

Caliphs 529

Calvin, John 477-478

Calvinist Puritans 4.78

Cambodia

Theravada Buddhism in 184-185

Canada

Islam in 540=542, 545

Jainism in 232

Sikhism in 253, 262

Candomble 85, 89

Canyon de Chelly, Arizona 4.9

Carlebach, Schlomo 417

Caste system, in India 114-115,129,131,136, 259

Catherine of Siena 4.75

Catholic Climate Covenant 497

Catholic Relief Services 496

Celestial Masters sect, Daoism 291,300,302, 308-309

Chaco Canyon, New Mexico 49

Chagga7_8

Chah, Ajahn 188

Chan Buddhism 178-179,186,187,193,199-200

Changing Woman 39, 50, 57

Channeling 573,595

Chanting and hymns

in Buddhism 193-194

in Judaism 417

in Sikhism 240, 243, 248, 256, 259

in Zoroastrianism 362, 377

Chantways 45

Chavurot 417,419

Chen Liang 267-268

Cherokee 40

Chewa 96

Chikafusa, Kitabatake 331

Children of God see Family, The (Children of God)

China

Buddhism in 177,178,179,186

civil service exam based on Four Books 295

Cultural Revolution 296, 302 Han Dynasty 283, 294., 306 New Culture movement 295, 302 Qin Dynasty 294

Shang Dynasty 272-273, 291-292 suppression of Uighur 543 Tang Dynasty 186, 291

Zhou Dynasty 273, 275, 292

Chinese religions see Confucianism; Daoism; Falun Gong

Chinvat Bridge 357, 373

Chizuo, Matsumoto see Asahara, Shoko

Christian Declaration on Nature, The (1986) 496

Christianity 245,445=503,582, 604.

in Africa 80-84, 486 branches of 485

Church as body of Christ 458

Church of the Nativity 14 colonialism in Africa and 82-86 comparison of Christian traditions 457-458,464=465 conflict with other religions 401-402, 466-467 consequences of sin 456-457,464 creation and origins stories 453=455 end of world cosmology 15 environmentalism and 496-497 forced conversion to 4.9=50,481 gender roles and identity 497-498 global population 446m, 483=484 God as Trinity 447,455=456 grace and salvation 453, 457-458

Great Schism 473=4.74. heaven/hell afterlife 17 integration into Native American cosmology 50 liturgical year 4.93=4.94 in Middle Ages 472-476

in modern age 480-486

monasticism and mysticism 474=475

new Christian churches 575-587

Palestine during time of Jesus 44.9m

prayer 492-493

in Roman world 467-472

sacred spaces 490-492

shared aspects with Zoroastrianism 364

social and political activism 483,4.95=4.96

symbols of 487-488

teachings of Jesus 450-452,462

Ten Commandments 14,16

timeline 44.7

in twenty-first century 4.98

veneration of saints 4.94=4.95

worship and sacraments 465,487=4.90, see also Bible; Jesus of Nazareth; Orthodox

Christianity; Paul of Tarsus; Protestant Christianity; Roman Catholic Church

Christian Science and New Thought 578-580

Christian Science Monitor, The 579

Christmas 4.93

Chrysostom, John, Saint 402

Church 453,458

Church of England 4.78

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) 575=578

Church of Jesus Christ on Earth Through His Special Envoy Simon Kimbangu 486

Church of Scientology see Scientology

Church of the Twelve Apostles 84

Circumcision 67-69, 78, 92-93, 410, 420,429

City of God (Augustine) 471-472

Clarke, Peter 574

Classic of Filial Piety 302

Clement of Alexandria 469.

Cochin Jews 420

Colonialism 82-86,133=135, 251, 535=536

Compassion, in Buddhism 172-174,176,192,198-199

Concubinage 283

Confessions (Augustine) 4.71

Confinnation 430-431,48.9=490

Confucianism 186, 266-284, 304=319

Book of Changes and ancient views 270-280 environmentalism and 311-312

gender roles and identity 283-284, 312=314.

in Japan 323, 328, 330, 331

in Korea 297,304.

in modern age 295-296

neo-Confucian tradition 294-295

as orthodoxy 294

as pan-Asiatic tradition 296-298 post-Confucius defenders of the faith 293=294 practices and rituals 304=308

sites in development of 268m, 29.9m

timeline 269

in twenty-first century 313

Confucius 274-280, 292-293, 3Q8

Confucius Institutes 296

Conservative Judaism 409-412,417=418,430=431,433=434,436

Constantine, Emperor 402,467,4.70

Copernicus, Nicholas 480

Corn/maize myths 40

Corn Woman myth 40

Cosmology 15-16

Council of Constantinople (381) 455,47Q

Council of Nicea (325) 455,4.7Q

Council of Trent (16th c.) 4.79

Covens 601

Coyote/Bluebird myth 40

Creation stories 15

Creed, defined 20-21

Cremation 143=144., 200, 252, 259, 373

Crusades 4.74, 531

Cry ceremonies 45

Cult, use of term 571, see also New religious movements

Daena 357, 373

Daevas 356, 359, 360

Dahome 85

Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) protests 52-54, 61

Dalai Lama 180,181,188,199

Dalits 115

Daly, Mary 497

Dama 94

Dan 290

Dana 207-209, 223

Daniken, Erich von 596

Dante 374

Dantian 289

Dao 273-274, 277-278, 280, 281-282, 284-289, 298-299

Daodejing (The Scripture of the Way and Its Potent Manifestation) 284-286, 287, 288, 290,

300, 302, 310

Daoism 17,186, 284-292, 298-304, 308-319

Book of Changes and ancient views 270-274, 285

deification of Laozi 298-300

environmentalism and 311-312

feng shui and martial arts 303

gender roles and identity 290-291,312-314

later historical development 300-303

as pan-Asiatic tradition 304

pantheon of deities 290,311

practices and rituals 308-311

sacred texts and teachings 284-290 shamanic immortality and alchemy 288-290 sites in development of 268m

timeline 269

in twenty-first century 313

Daozang (Treasury of the Dao) 301

Darius I 362-363

Darshan 139-140

Darwin, Charles 25, 480

Dasam Granth 244, 262

Datta, Narendranath see Vivekananda, Swami

David, King 396=39.7., 434=435,.4.48,45Q

Davidian Seventh-day Adventists 581

Dawkins, Richard 609-610

Day of Atonement see Yom Kippur

De 273, 279, 286

Dead Sea Scrolls 39.9

Death, beliefs about

Buddhism 179-180,199-200

Christianity 462-464

Confucianism 279-280

Hinduism 143-144

indigenous African religions 76-79,.94-95 indigenous Native American religions 44=45 Islam 514.

Judaism 391=392,412,432=433

Sikhism 259

Zoroastrianism 357, 373

Death of God movement 607

Declaration on the Climate Crisis (JAINA) 233

Denkard 362

Dennett, Daniel 609

Dershowitz, Alan 437

Devi, Mata Amritanandamayi see Ammachi “Mother”

Devi Mahatrnya 124,125

Dhammapada 170

Dharma

in Buddhism 162,168,189

in Hinduism 109

Dharma Action Network for Climate Engagement 19.9

Dharmasvamin 183

d’Holbach, Baron 607, 608

Di 282, 283, 285, 3Q5=3O6

Dialogue on Divine Providence (Catherine of Siena) 475

Diamond Sutra 176

Diamond Vehicle see Vajrayana Buddhism

Dianetics (Hubbard) 597

Diaspora, Jewish 395, 397,402,416-417,436=437

Digambara sect, in Jainism 207-209, 210, 212, 213, 223-226, 227

Diksha 227

Dinka 78-79

Divination, in African religions 87-88

Divine “eclipse,” in Judaism 386

Divine Faith (Din-I-Ilahi) 132

Divine Principle (Moon) 584.

Divorce

in Islam 544,557=558

in Judaism 432

Doctrine of the Mean (Four Books) 281-282, 295

Doctrines and Covenants (Smith) 576

Dogon 72, 75,77, 78,79,.94

Druj 354=355, 356, 357

Dualism

in Hinduism 104-105

in Zoroastrianism 353=355, 357.

Dukkha (suffering) 163

Durkheim, Emile.9, 11, 21,480

Dutch Reformed Church 478

Dutton, Yasin 562

Dvaita Vedanta 113-114

Dynasties see specific country

Earth Ministry 4.9.7

Easter 4.93,582

Eastern Orthodox Church 485, see also Orthodox Christianity

Eastern Rule of Basil the Great 4.74

Eck, Diana 139

Eckankar 594=595

Eckankar: The Key to Secret Worlds (Mitchell) 594

EcoSikh 260

Eddy, Mary Baker 578-579,585

Edo 89

Effendi, Shoghi 603

Egyptian Feminist Union 560

Eight Precepts, in Buddhism 191,196

Ekwe 93

Election, in Judaism 389

Elementary Forms of the New Religious Life, The (Wallis) 573=574.

Eliade, Mircea 14

Ellison, Keith 545

Elohim 596-597

Ema 341

Empathy 27

Emptiness 175

Engaged Buddhism 196-197

Engrams 598

Enlightenment era 480-481, 607

Environment and religion 15, 26 Buddhism 198-199 Christianity 496-497 Confucianism 311-312 Daoism 311-312 Hinduism 107,149-150 indigenous African religions 95-96 indigenous Native American religions 43=44 Islam 513,561=564

Jainism 231-233

Judaism 419

Shinto 344=345

Sikhism 260

spiritual ecology 605-607

Zoroastrianism 376, 378

Epicureans 13

Epicurus 15

Epiphany 493=494

Episcopal Church 478

Erasmus, Desiderius 4.76

Eschatological 399

Esoteric religious philosophies 5.94=59.9.

Essenes 398-399

Eternal religions see Buddhism; Hinduism; Jainism

Ethical monotheism 385

Ethics and morality 16-17

Ethiopian Coptic Church 82

Eucharist 475,487, 488,490

Europe

Buddhism in 188, see also specific countries

European Christian Environmental Network 4.9.7

European imperialism

impact on Africans 82-86

impact on Native Americans 49-50, 52

spread of Buddhism because of 187

Evangelical Climate Initiative 4.97

Evangelicalism 483=484

Evans-Pritchard, E. E..76,90

Exodus 396,424=425

Ezana I, King 80, 82

Ezekiel 392

Faith, in Christianity 457=458,4.77,482-483

Faith Spotted Eagle 53

Falun Gong 590-591

Falwell, Jerry 483

Family, The (Children of God) 583

Family Federation for World Peace and Unification, The see Unification Church

Family Rituals (Zhu Xi) 307

Fangshi289

Fard, Wali D. 541

Farrakhan, Louis 541

Fascinans 18

Fasting 228, 231, 309,421,422, 521=523, 604

Fatima 509,528,53Q

Fear of God 17-18

Federation of Jain Associations of North America (JAINA) 214., 232, 233

Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America (FEZANA) 377

Feibusch, Hans 19

Female circumcision 92-93

Feminist theory 25

Fendeng 310

Feng shui 303

Filial piety 278, 29.7, 307

Fillmore, Charles 580

Fillmore, Myrtle 580

Findhorn Foundation 607

First Buddhist Council 168

First Vatican Council 482

Five Classics, in Confucianism 274

Five elements (wuxing) 271

Five Great Vows, in Jainism 227-228

Five Ks, in Sikhism 237, 239, 247=248, 252=254, 256, 258, 259

Five Pillars, in Islam 516-524

Five Precepts, in Buddhism 190-191,196

Fodio, Usman dan 83

Fon 85

Foot binding, of girls 283

Ford, Wallace 541

Forehead markings, in Hinduism 139

Four Books, in Confucianism 281-283, 295, see also Analects (Four Books); Doctrine of the

Mean (Four Books); Great Learning (Four Books); Mencius (Four Books)

Four domains of religion (Lincoln) 10,13,18,19

Four Noble Truths, in Buddhism 161,164-165

Four Sights, in Buddhism 159-160

Four sprouts of morality (Mencius) 280-281

Francis, Pope 482,496, 606

Fravashis 357

Freud, Sigmund 11,480

Fundamentalism 483

Gabriel, Angel 403, 509,514=515, 524,55.4

Gaia 605-606

Gaia and God (Reuther) 606-607

Galileo 480, 572

Game of Thrones (tv show) 367

Gandhi, Indira 251

Gandhi, Mohandas “Mahatma” 115,135=136, 221

Gandhi, Virchand 222

Ganesha 101-102

Ganesh Chaturthi festival, India 100-102

Gardner, Gerald B. 600

Garvey, Marcus 585-586

Gautama, Siddhartha see Gautama the Buddha

Gautama the Buddha 15,157,159-162, 210-211, see also Buddhism

Ge Hong 289, 300

Gender roles and identity, in religions 24=25

Buddhism 197-198

Christianity 24,4.97=498

Confucianism 283-284,312-314

Daoism 290-291, 312-314

Hinduism 148-149

indigenous African religions 90-95

indigenous Native American religions 57-60

Islam 544,558=561

Jainism 229

Shinto 345=347.

Sikhism 261-262

Zoroastrianism 375=376

Germany

colonialism in Africa and 86

Kulturkampf attack on Catholicism (1870s) 481

Ghadiali, Rustom 369=370

Ghost Dance 51

Gikuyu/Kikuyu 77,91

Global Buddhist Climate Action 19.9.

Globalization 24, 571

Gnosis 594

Gnostic Christians 468,469

God Delusion, The (Dawkins) 609

Godse, Nathuram 136

Golden Rule 16, 400, 604

Goldhagen, Daniel 437

Gospels 448,44.9=452,457,459,463, 581

Grace 453,457=458

Great Disappointment, The 580-581

Great Learning (Four Books) 281, 295

Great Peace movement 300

Greenpeace 562

Green Sangha 19.9

Gross, Darwin 595

Guan, Lord 290

Gui 272

Gurda, Bhai 243

Gurdwara 237, 242, 253, 257

Gurdwara Sahib Stockton, California 253

Guru, in Sikhism 240

Guru Aijan 243, 248-249

Guru Gobind Singh 237, 239, 243, 244, 24.7=248, 24.9=251, 254

Guru Nanak 237, 239, 240-242, 245, 248-249, 254, 256, 259, 261

Gyatso, Tenzin see Dalai Lama

Habitat for Humanity 4.96

Hadith 516, 517,538, 550=554, 557, 562

Haggadah 424=425

Hajj 517, 523=524, 536, 542

Halacha 401

Halpern, Avigayil 423

Han, Hak Ja 584

Hanukkah 426

Haoma 360, 371

Harae 337=338, 345

Haredi Jews 415=416

Hare Krishna see ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness)

Harris, Sam 609

Hasan of Basra 553

Hashmi, Heraa 542=543

Hasidism 406-407

Hate crimes 254, 262

Haumai (self-centeredness) 246, 260

Hayao, Miyazaki 336, 345

Heart Sutra 176, 302

Heaven 463

Heaven’s Gate 5.9.7

Hebrew Bible 3.95,427, 5.96

book of Esther 418

book of Ruth 418,425

Dead Sea Scrolls 3.9.9

Deuteronomy 428,436

dietary laws 581

Ecclesiastes 423

Exodus 19,422, 428

Genesis 15,496

prayer 434=436

Siddur 418, see also Ten Commandments; Torah

Hedgewar, K. B. 136

Hell 464.

Henotheism 12

Henry VIII, King 478

Herodotus 362, 371

Herzl, Theodor 3.90,414., 415

Heschel, Abraham Joshua 394,414

Hesychasm 475

Hezekiah, King 391

Hierorphany 14

High God 72-79, 86

Hijra (migration) 526-527, 550

Hijras (in India) 148

Hillel 400

Hinduism 100-155

Aryans 128-129

beliefs about divine reality 103-108

bhakti marga 130-131

British colonialism and reforms 133=135 cycles of creation/destruction cosmology 15-16 devotional sects 124-126

environmentalism and 107,149=1512

festivals and holidays 100-102,106-107,144.» 145=147 forms of worship 140-142

gender roles and identity 148-149

global Hindu population 104m

Hindutva and Hindu nationalism 134=135,136=13.9.

historical sites 127m

individual and society 114-118

individual quest for liberation 17,108-110

Indus Valley Civilization 126-128

monistic beliefs in 13

nondualism 13

performance traditions 146-148

pilgrimage 144,145m

rites of passage 142-144

sacred texts 118-124

tantra 131-132

temples and icons 139-140

three paths to liberation 110-112

timeline 102

in twenty-first century 150,592

Vedanta 112-114

Vedic period 129-130

Yoga 114, see also Bhagavad Gita; Mahabharata; Ramayana; Upanishads; Vedas

Hindu Mahasabha 136-137

Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh (HSS) 138

Hindutva 136-137

Hirata Atsutane 331-332

Hirohito, Emperor 333

Hitler, Adolf 412-414,.437

Hogans 43, 44, 45

Holocaust 412-414, 427-428

Holy People 39,43, 56

Holy Terrors: Thinking about Religion after September 11 (Lincoln) 10,19, 593

Holy Wind 37

Honden 339-340

Hong Kong Disneyland 303

Hopi 39,4.9, 62

Houteff, Victor 581

Howell, Leonard 586

Hubbard, L. Ron 597=598

Hukam 246, 260

Humanism 4.76, 609

Hun 272

Husayn 530, 540

Hymns see Chanting and hymns

Ibn Abdallah, Muhammad Ahmed 536

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad 535

Ibn Taymiyya 515

I Ching see Book of Chang es (Yijing)

Icons 4.73

Idea of the Holy, The (Otto) 17-18

Idemili 93

Ifa 85, 87-88,92

Igbo 75,.93

Imams 506,520,539-540, 556,562^563

Immanence 385-386,405=406

India

British colonialism in 133=135, 251

Buddhism in 130,183

Gandhi and independence struggle 115,135=136

Gupta Dynasty 130,183

Judaism in 419-420

Mauryan Dynasty 168-169

Mughal Dynasty 132, 248, 249., 532, 536

Operation Blue Star 251

post-independence partition 251, 533

Zoroastrianism in 371,376, 377, see also Caste system, in India; Hinduism

Indian National Congress 137

Indigenous religions, of North America 33-65

creation and origins stories 37=39

in early civilizations and states 48-49

environmentalism and 43=44

gender roles and identity 57-60

healing practices 56-57

humanity and human condition 41-44

impact of European imperialism on 49=50

life lessons in myths 40-41

natural world as sacred 15

non-Native practitioners and 55 resistance movements and social justice 51=54 rites of passage 67-69, 90-95 rites of renewal and purification 60, 62 sacred language and time 44=45 timeline 35 tribal groups 34m in twenty-first century 61

Indigenous religions, of sub-Saharan Africa 67=9.9 Christianity and colonialism 82-86 countries and religions 68m, 70m in early civilizations and states 79-81 environmentalism and 95=96 gender roles and identity 90-95 humanity and human condition 77=79 Maji revolt 86 myths of 71-72 spirits of the dead 76-77, 86-89 spread of Islam 80, 81-84 supernatural beings 72-76 timeline 69 in twenty-first century 95 use of supernatural powers 89-90

Indonesia

Islam in 562

Indonesian Uleme Council (MUI) 562-563

Indra 119,129

Indus Valley Civilization, India 126-128 Infibulation 93

Innocent III, Pope 472

Inquisition 4.72

Institutes of the Christian Religion (Calvin) 477-478 Interdependent origination 162-163,198

International Network of Engaged Buddhists 196-197,19.9

International New Thought Alliance 580

International Orthodox Charities 496

International Society for Krishna Consciousness 126

Inter-Religious Organisation Singapore 222

Iqbal, Muhammad 533

Iran

Arab rule 365-366

Green Movement 534

Parthian Empire 363

Persian Empire 362-363

Safavid Empire 532

Sassanid Empire 363-364.

Shiism in 532, 534

Zoroastrianism in 35.9-360, 365=366, 371, 377

Iroquois 57

Iroquois Longhouse Religion 5.7

ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) 542

Isis Unveiled (Blavatsky) 587

ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness) 588-589

Islam 245, 504-567

in Africa 80, 81-84

calendar and holidays 550

encounter with Judaism 403

end of world cosmology 15

environmentalism and 513, 561-564

Five Pillars 516-524

gender roles and identity 544, 558-561

global population 507,508m, 545, 563

heaven/hell afterlife 17

historical development 525=532

in Middle East 365=366,518=519,528, 531

Muslim marriage and family life 556-558

nationalism and 532-534

in North America 522=523,540=542, 544=546,561

pilgrimage to Mecca 14, 241, 5Q4=5Q5, 523=524., 525=527

political conflict today 542-543

reform movements 534=538

revelations to Muhammad 509-510

Shari‘a as Islamic law 551=552

sites in development of 506m

social justice movements 543=546

in South and Central Asia 132,197, 220,528,529, 531,532, 533,535,536=537, 555,55.9.

Sunna 515=516,522, 538, 551

timeline 507

in twenty-first century 542-543,563

use of term 507, see also Hadith; Muhammad, Prophet; Qur’an; Shi‘a; Sufism; Sunni

Islamic Consultative Assembly 377

Islamic Foundation for Ecology and Environmental Sciences (IFEES) 564,

Islamic law see Shari‘a

Ismailis, in Shi'ism 540

Israel

ancient history of 396-399

statehood 414=415, see also Judaism

Izanagi 324, 326, 327

Izanami 324, 326,327

Jahan, Shah 532

Jahiliyya 525

"Jain Declaration on Nature" (Singhvi) 232

Jainism 206-235

ahimsa and asceticism 211, 213-214,217,221,225, 226-228, 231-232

belief in samsara 17

cycles of creation/destruction cosmology 15-16

environmentalism and 231-233

eternal succession of Tirthankaras 212

gender roles and identity 229

global Jain population 221m, 222

Hinduism and 209, 212-213

in India 130

Indian historical context of 211, 220

lay religious life 207-208, 226-227, 228, 229-231

legacy of the tirthankaras 220-221

liberation and salvation 217-219

recent developments 221-223

sites in development of 208m

spread of 222

theory of the universe 214-217

timeline 209

twenty-first century 232, see also Digambara sect, in Jainism; Mahavira; Shvetambara sect, in Jainism; Sthanakvasi sect, in Jainism; Terapanthi sect, in Jainism

Jains of America 222

Jambu 211, 213

James, William 9

Japan

Buddhism in 190, 323, 324,328, 330=331,332

Kokugaku (National Learning) movement 331=332

Meiji government 332-333

percentage of Shinto practitioners 344

post-WWII separation of religion/state 334, see also Nichiren Buddhism; Pure Land

Buddhism; Shingon Buddhism; Shinto; Zen Buddhism

Jatis 115-116

Jehovah’s Witnesses 15, 582-583

Jerusalem (Mendelssohn) 408

Jerusalem, Israel 554

Jesuits 479.

Jesus of Nazareth 391, 401-402, 448-452, 509,513,579, see also Christianity; Messiah

Jiao 309=310

Jihad 54.9=550

Jimmu, Emperor 325

Jin, Heung 585

Jinas 209, 210, 212, 213

Jinja 339=341

Jinno shotoki (Direct Succession of Gods and Sovereigns) (Kitabatake Chikafusa) 331

Jito, Emperor 334

Jivas 216-217, 218, 219, 231-232

Jnana marga 110,112, see also Vedanta; Yoga

John Paul II, Pope 482

John XXIII, Pope 482

Jones, William “Oriental” 128,133

Josephus 398-399

Judah, kingdom of 396-397

Judaism 245, 382-443

afterlife beliefs 391-392

ancient Israel 394m

conflict with Christianity 401-402

covenant and election 388-390

dietary code 409, 410,420,433=434

encounter with Islam 403

end of world cosmology 15

environmentalism and 419

as ethical monotheism 385-386

family purity 434.

festivals and holidays 382-384,421-428

global population 384m

historical development 394-401

in Israel 390

life-cycle events 42921433

Messiah and the Messianic age 391

modern era 407-417

mysticism and 392-394, 402-407

prayer 434=436

reform movements in Europe and US 408-415

Renewal movement 394, 417-419

Sabbath 428-429

shared aspects with Zoroastrianism 364

Ten Commandments 14,16

timeline 385

Torah 387-388

in twenty-first century 436—437. see also Hebrew Bible; Reconstructionist Judaism;

Reform Judaism; Talmud; Zionism

Julian of Norwich 4.75

Jump Dance 60

Jung, Carl 28

Junzi 279, 280, 282, 286

Kabbalah 392=3.94,405=406

Kabir 243

Kachinas 39,59, 60, 62

Kali 135

Kalischer, Zvi Hirsch 414

Kali Yuga 215

Kalki 107

Kami 324., 325=326, 327,328=330, 332,333, 335, 337=33.9., 344,345=346

Kant, Immanuel 5, 480

Kaplan, Judith 430

Kaplan, Mordecai 410-411,43Q

Karah prasad 257, 259

Karma

in Buddhism 166

in Hinduism 103,108-109

in Jainism 208, 214, 218, 219, 228, 230

in Wicca 600, see also Rebirth

Karma marga 110, ill

Kartarpur, Pakistan 242

Karuk 43=44

Kaur, Bandana 260

Kellogg, John 581

Kelly, Steven 583

Kemal, Mustafa see Ataturk

Kevala 211, 213, 215-216, 217, 218-219, 225, 229.

Khadija 509., 525,527.

Khaleafa 564

Khalistan movement 251

Khalsa 239, 244, 247-248, 249-252, 254, 262

Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali 534

Khan, Sayyid Ahmed 537

Kharijites 530

Khomeini, Ayatollah 534, 561

Kiangani, Simon Kimbangu 486

Kimbangu, Simon 486

Kimetsu no Yaiba (Demon Slayer) (manga) 335

Kinaalda 58-59

King, Martin Luther, Jr. 496

Kingdom of God 449,450=451, -459,462,483

Kinjiketele 86

Kipling, Rudyard 481

Kirpan 247-248, 254

Kirtan 147, 256

Klemp, Harold 595

Kohler, Kaufmann 409

Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters') 324-325, 327

Kongo 85

Kong Qiu see Confucius

Konkokyo (Teaching of Golden Light) 334

Korea

Buddhism in 186-187,19Q

Confucianism in 297, 304.

Tendai Buddhism in 177, see also South Korea

Koresh, David 581-582

Kosher food 433=434

Koshin practices 304

Krishna 107,111-112,114,122-123,15Q, 212

Krishnamurti, Jiddu 588

Kshatriya 115,128-129,142-143

Kumbha Mela festival, India 144

Kurozumikyo (Teaching of Kurozumi Munetada) 334

Kusti 352,368

Kwoth 79

Lakota Nation 32=35, 37, 51,52=54

Lakshmi 124

Lal, Nand 243

Lamas 180-181

Langar 242, 253, 257

Languages

Avestan 359

creation myths and 38

Dari 377

gender-neutral in Judaism 418-419

Hebrew 411,436

Indo-European 128

Old Persian/Pahlavi 359

Sanskrit 105,128

Swahili 80

Laos

Theravada Buddhism in 184-185

Laozi bianhuajing (Scripture of the Transformations of Laozi) 298

Laozi “Master Lao” 284, 298-299, see also Daodejing (The Scripture of the Way and Its Potent Manifestation)

LaPier, Rosalyn 53

Latter-day Saints see Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS)

Laws of Manu 109,116-117,148

Leadbeater, C. W. 588

Lee, Bruce 303

Lee, Sang Hun 585

Leo III, Emperor 473

Leo XIII, Pope 482

Lerner, Michael 419.

Letoole, Sammy 73-74.

LGBTQ

in Buddhism 198

in Christianity 497-498

in Islam 561, see also Gender roles and identity, in religions

Li 274., 278-279, 280

Liberation 15,17, see also Moksha; specific religions

Li Hongzhi 590-591

Lincoln, Bruce 10,13,18,19, 279, 593

Lingbao (Numinous Treasure) sect, Daoism 301

Liturgy 487=488

LoDagaa 94

Logos 469

Loka 215-216, 218

Lord’s Prayer 492

Lotus Sutra 176,177-178

Lovedu 96

Lovelock, James 605-606

Loyola, Ignatius 479

Lucky Star (anime) 335

Lugbara 78

Lughnassadh 569-570

Lunyu see Analects

Luria, Isaac 393,406

Lurianic Kabbalah see Kabbalah

Luther, Martin 476-477, 482-483

Lyric Poems on Creation Story of the Yorubas (Ogunbitan).74.

Μ., Terrie 458-459

Maasai 67-69,92

Macarius of Alexandria 4.74

Madhva 113-114

Magi 363=364,37-1

Magic Flute, The (Mozart) 366

Mahabharata 109,120,121,124,13Q, 212

Mahaprabhu, Chaitnaya, Sri 588-589

Maharishi, Mahesh Yogi 138

Maharishi Foundation 590

Maharishi Foundation USA 138

Maharishi International University 138, 590

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 589-590

Mahavira 210-211, 212, 213, 214-216, 218-220, 226, 228

Mahayana Buddhism 170-179,182-183,186,187,188,190,194,195,196 Mahdi 514.

Mahmud of Ghazni 132

Maimonides 404.

Maji Maji 86

Majority religions by country 6-7m

Malaysia

Xiantian Dao (Way of Prior Heaven) movement 304

Malcolm X 541=542

Malli 212

Mandalas 139,180,181, 200

Manga, and Shinto 335,336

Mani 364-365

Manichaeism 364-365

Mantras

in Buddhism 180,181

in Hinduism 141-142

Maps

African countries and religions 68m, 70m ancient Israel 394m

global Buddhist population 188m

global Christian population 446m

global Christian sects 479m

global Hindu population 104m

global Islamic population 508m

global Jain population 221m

global Jewish population 384m

global Sikh population 252m

global Zoroastrian population 376m majority religions by country 6~7m

Native American groups 34m

Palestine during time of Jesus 449m

sites in development of Chinese religions 268m sites in development of Confucianism 29.9m sites in development of Hinduism 127m

sites in development of Islam 506m

sites in development of Jainism 208m

sites in development of Shinto 322m

sites in development of Sikhism 238m

sites in development of Zoroastrianism 352m sites of early Buddhism 158m

spread and transmission of Buddhism 184m Sunni and Shi‘a branches of Islam 539m

Marcion 468,469

Margulis, Lynn 605-606

Marijuana use 586

Markandeya Parana 123-124,125

Marley, Bob 587

Marriage

in African religions 92-93

in Hinduism 116,143

in Islam 556-558

in Judaism 431-432

in Sikhism 258-259, 261-262

Martial arts, influence of Daoism on 303

Marx, Karl 11, 21

Marxism 484,486, 534, 591

Mary, virgin mother of Christ 494., 513, 596

Masaccio, Tommaso 456

Matsuri 323

Mawri 88-89

Maximus the Confessor 474=475

Maya 109

Mayans 38,48,50,51

Maybaum, Ignaz 413

Mazdaism see Zoroastrianism

McKay, Mabel 56-57

Mecca, Saudi Arabia 14,241, 5Q4=5Q5, 523=524, 525=527

Medina, Saudi Arabia 526-527

Meditation 22

in Buddhism 192-193

in Kabbalah 393

in Sikhism 240, 246-247, see also Transcendental Meditation (TM)

Mediums 88

Meera, Saint 148

Mein Kamp/(Hitler) 412-413

Mencius 280-281, 293-294,307

Mencius (Four Books) 280-281, 295

Mendelssohn, Moses 408,409

Meng Ke see Mencius

Menstruation 346, 375=376,434

Merneptah, Pharaoh 394=395

Message Given to Me by Extraterrestrials, The (Vorilhon) 596

Messiah 391, 393, 399,404=405,448,450,459, see also Jesus of Nazareth

Metropolitan Community Churches (MCC) 497

Mevlevi order, in Sufism 555

Middle Way, in Buddhism 160,161, 211

Miko 345=346

Mikoshi 320-322

Mikveh 389=390,418,434

Millenialists 577, 582,583, 585

Miller, William 580

Ming see Tianming

Ming of the Han Dynasty, Emperor 186

Mir, Mian 248

Miraj 517, 554

Mirza Husayn Ali Nuri see Baha’u’llah

Misogi 338

Mississippian culture 49

Mithra 356,363,365

Mithraism 365

Mitzvot (commandments) 387=388, 401,404., see also Ten Commandments

Modernization 23-24, 571

Modi, Narendra 137

Modoc 41-42

Moksha 103,113-114,117,131, 219, 244

Mongolia

Vajrayana Buddhism in 179.

Monism 13,103-104,105

Monotheism 12,13,15, see also Christianity; Islam; Judaism; Sikhism; Zoroastrianism

Montana Two Spirit Society 57

Montanism 468,469.

Montanus 468

Mookeijee, Syama Prasad 137

Moon, Sun Myung 584-585

Moonies 584=585

Moran 67

Mormons see Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS)

Moroni, Angel 575=576

Morsi, Muhammad 538

Moses 387, 396, 398,401,5Q9, 513

Mosques 518=519,520

Motoori Norinaga 331=332

Mousavi, Mir-Hossein 534

Mu'awiya 529=530

Mubarak, Hosni 538, 544

Muezzin 519, 526

Muhammad, Elijah 541

Muhammad, Prophet 403, 507, 508, 509-5IQ, 514=518, 521, 522, 524,525=528, 5.4.9=55Q,

551, 553=554., see also Islam

Muhammad, Warith Deen 541

Muhammadiyah and Nadhlatul Ulama 562

Muhpatti 226, 227

Mukti 244, 247, 261

Müller, Friedrich Max 27

Mui Mantra 238, 244-245, 246

Multani, Gurbaj Singh 247

Multiculturalism 24

Murray, Margaret 600

Muslim, defined 506, see also Islam

Muslim Brotherhood 537=538, 543

Muslim League 533

Muslims for Progressive Values (MPV) 561

Mutazilites 511, 538

Myanmar

ethnic and religious conflict in 197

genocide of Rohingya 543

Mysterium tremendum 18, 344

Mystical experience 18

Mysticism

in Christianity 4.74=4.75

in Islam 552=553

in Judaism 392-394. 402-407

Myths 21,37

Nagarjuna 175

Nakedness of monks, in Jainism 207, 208-209, 210, 223, 225-226

Namaste greeting 139

Nam simaran 256

Napoleon, Emperor 481

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 562

Nasser, Gamal Abdel 538

National Association of Evangelicals 497

Nation of Islam 541=542

Native American Church 52

Navajo 37, 39,41,42

ancestors of 4.9

Changing Woman 39,50, 57,58

creation and origins stories 43,45, 50

healing practices 56

rites of passage 58-59

Navjote 350=352, 37Q

Nazi Germany 412-414,427=428,437

Ndembu.90, 92

Nehru, Jawaharlal 136,137

Neidan 289

Neisheng waiwang 283

Nemi 212

Neo-Confucianism 294-296,302

Neo-paganism see Wicca

Nepal

Vajrayana Buddhism in 179

Nestorian Churches 485

New Age 573, 607

New Atheists 609-610

New Confucians 296

New religious movements 568-612

Adventism 580-587

Aum Shinrikyo 592-593

Baha’i Faith 602-604

Christian Science and New Thought 578-580, 587

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 575=578

Eckankar 594=595

Falun Gong 590-591

The Family (Children of God) 583

Findhorn Foundation 607

ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness) 588-589

Jehovah’s Witnesses 582-583

modernization, globalization, and secularization 571=573

New Atheism 608-610

Raelian movement 595=59.7

Rastafarianism 585=587

Scientology 597=59-9

theoretical models and social typologies 573=574.

Theosophical Society 587-588

timeline 574

Transcendental Meditation 589=590

Unification Church 584=585

Unitarian Universalism 604-605

Wicca 568-570, 599-601

New Thought 580, 587

Newton, Isaac 480

Nicene Creed 455=456,469,473,488

Nichiren Buddhism 177-178,187,194.

Nietzsche, Friedrich 367, 607

Nihang sect, of Sikhism 244, 262

Nihon shoki (Nihongi, Chronicles of [the Land Where] the Sun Originates) 324,327

Ninigi 325

Nirvana/Nibbana 14,18, 22,161-162,165,166

Nkai 73

Noble Eightfold Path, in Buddhism 161,164-165,169,192,195

Nonabsolutism (anekantavada) 214

Nondualism, in Hinduism 13

Nonpossessiveness (aparigrapha) 214, 233

Nontheistic 13

Nontheistic religions 12,14

Nonviolence

in Buddhism 168,198-199

in Hinduism 117,149-150

in Jainism 207-208, 209, 210, 213-214

Standing Rock movement 52=53, see also Gandhi, Mohandas “Mahatma”; Vegetarianism

Norito 338

North American Coalition for Christian 497

Northern Paiute 51

Nostradamus 592

Nowruz 372

Nuer 76,.79, 87

Numinous experience 17-18, 22

Nummo 75, 78

Obatala 78

Odu 75

Ogunbitan, Festus.74

Ojibwa 59-60

Olcott, Henry S. 587

Old and New Testaments 458, 459-461,463,464., 466,468-469,4.95=4.9^» see also Bible;

Gospels; Hebrew Bible

Olmec 48

Olokun 89

Olupona, Jacob 96

OM 105,141-142

Omar, Ilhan 545

Omikuji 341

Omnipotence 385,414

Omniscience 385,414

One Earth Sangha 199

One Thousand and One Nights 515,531

On Heaven and Hell (Swedenborg) 594.

On the Origin of Species (Darwin) 25,480

Order of Interbeing 196-197

Oriental Orthodox Christian Churches 485

Original sin 471,4.76,483

Orisha 75, 85, 89

Orthodox Christianity

afterlife beliefs 464

comparison of Christian traditions 457=458,464=465, 471» 487» 488,489,490,492,493, 494=4.95,49.7

global population 479m, 498

Great Schism and 473

modern era 484., 486

version of Bible 459., 461

Orthodox Church 446

Orthodox Jews 390,392,404., 409,410,411=412,418,426-427,432=434,436

Orun 94=95

Oshitelu, Josiah 84

Oshun 75-76

Otataneko 327

Otto, Rudolf 17-18, 22, 344

Ottoman Empire 473,484, 531=533, 53É

Padmasambhava 181

Pahlavi, Reza, shah 534

Pakistan

division of Punjab territory 251

Islam in 533=534.

Palamas, Gregory 475

Palestine

during time of Jesus 449m

Pali Canon (Tipitaka) 169-170,18.9,19Q, 191,198

Pantajali 114

Panth 239, 247, 24.9=250, 251, 257, 261

Pantheism 12-13

Pantheons 75

Parables 450-451

Parinirvana 162,196

Paris Accord 496

Parker, Quanah 52

Parliament of the World’s Religions (2015) 378

Parshva 210, 212, 220

Parsis see Zoroastrianism

Passover see Pesach

Paul of Tarsus 401-402, 452z=454.,45.9., 460,462, 463, 466,484

Peaches, Annie 42

Pearl of Great Price, The (Smith) 576

Pema Chodron 192

Pentecost 450

Pentecostalism 484,486

People of the Book 365-366,513, 528

Perfection of Wisdom Sutras 176

Persia see Iran

Pesach 421,424^425

Pew Forum study, on Americans identified as unaffiliated 13

Peyote 52

Pharisees 398,448, see also Paul of Tarsus

Philippines

Vajrayana Buddhism in 179

Philokalia 493

Pilate, Pontius 449

Pilgrimage

in Hinduism 144

in Islam 517,523=524, 528, 540

in Jainism 230-231

in Judaism 424=425

in Shinto 332

Pillow Book, The (Sei Shonagon) 346

Pima 40, 42-43

Pittsburgh Platform of 1885, The (Kohler) 409

Pius IX, Pope 482

Plato 354

Polygamy 557

Polytheism 12.13

Porno 56

Popol Vuh 38, 40-41,48

Possession see Spirit possession

Power spots, in Japan 335

Prabhupada see Mahaprabhu, Chaitnaya, Sri

Prayer and meditation 22

Prayer wheels 195

Presbyterians 4.78

Priesand, Sally Jane 417=418

Problem of evil 386

Protestant Christianity 446

afterlife beliefs 464,

branches of 485

comparison of Christian traditions 457=458,464=465,471, 487=488,489,4.90=4.91,494, 497

global population 479m, 498

modern era 482-483

Reformation 461,476-479

version of Bible 461

views on mystical experience 18

women clergy 24

Pueblo 39,49, 62

Puja 140-141

Puranas 123-124

Pure Land Buddhism 176,177,186,187,193,194., 199-200

Purgatory 463=464

Purification

in indigenous Native American religion 60, 62

in Jewish family life 434

in Shinto 337=339, 346

in Zoroastrianism 368, 370

Purim 426-427

Pumsha 216

Purusha Sukta see Rig Veda

Purva 213

Qi 271, 289., 303,310,311=312

Qigong 303, 590

Qingming 267-268, 270, 308

Qingwei (Pure Subtlety) sect, Daoism 291

Quakers 478

Quanzhen (Complete Perfection) sect, Daoism 291, 301-302

Quetzalcoatl 38,48,4.9

Quiche Maya 38,40-41

Qur’an 355,365,403, 506, 508=515,517, 521=524, 527, 537., 542,548=55«, 551=554, 557=

559, 561=562, 602

Qutb, Sayyid 537=538, 542, 543

Rabbis 400-401

Rabin, Yitzhak 415=416

Raelian movement 595=59.7

Rahit 244, 247, 252, 256=257, 259, 261

Rainmakers 96

Rajacandr a, Shrimad 221

Raja Yoga 114

Rama 107,137, 212

Ramadan 521=523, 563=564.

Ramakrishna 135

Ramanuja 113

Ramayana 109,120-122,124,13«, 132,147=148

Ramcharitmanas (Tulsidas) 132

Ram Lila 146-147

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) 136-139

Rastafarianism 585=587

Rebirth

in Buddhism 166,177,181,186,193

in Hinduism 120

in Jainism 216, 217, 219. 223

in wheel of life 17, see also Karma

Reclaiming movement 601

Reconstructionist Judaism 410-412,417=418,434,436

Record of Rites (Liji) 274, 281

Reformation, Protestant 461,476-479

Reform Judaism 409, 411-412,417=418,430=431,434,435,43fi

Reincarnation see Rebirth

Religion, definitions of 8-10

Religious artwork

Adam and Eve Banished from Paradise (Masaccio) 456

Adam and Eve triptych (16th c.) 17

"Automata of al-Jazari" 25

Avalokiteshvara Mandala 200

Benedictine monks fresco (Sodoma) 4.74

Bongeunsa Temple, South Korea 23

Buddha image on coin, 2nd c. 187

Buddha’s footprint depiction 200

Buddha statue, 800 ce, Indonesia 186

Buddha statues 161-162

Chinese oracle bone 292

Confucius statue 11

Confucius statue, China 293, 307

Constantine the Great (330) 467

Dama masks 87

Diamond Sutra frontispiece 176

Dongling painting (1750) 288

Durga painting, India 125

Empress Jingo painting, Japan 327

Ganesh sculpture 100-101

Greek icon of Christ 494

Guatemalan vase (7th-8th c.) 39

Hindu deities (1810) 13

Holy Trinity icon (Rublev) 454 kachinas 59, 60

Kali painting, India 126

Laozi painting 284

Li Bo painting 304

Lord Guan figurine 290

Mahabharata 123

Mahavira sculpture, India 211

Maitreya statue 173

Maitreya wall carving 174

Mandala (circle) 139

Manjushri, Bodhisattva of Wisdom painting 173

Marble slab of text from Pali Canon, Myanmar 169

Meditating Buddha (6th ce) 21

Mithras statue 365

Moses and the Burning Brush (Feibusch) 19

Nataraja, Lord of the Dance 140

Navajo sand painting 58

Parshva sculpture 212

Proto-Shiva seal 127-128

Ramayana 122

Rishabha sculpture 226

rock art 79-80

The School of Athens (Raphael) 366

Shiva statute (11th c.) 106

Wind among the Trees on the Riverbank (Ni Zan) 302

Yoruba sculptures 87

Zarathushtra painting 373

Religious studies see World religions, study of

Reuther, Rosemary Radford 606-607

Revealed ethics 16

Revelation 14

Revelations of Divine Love (Julian of Norwich) 4.75

Rhys-Davids, T. W. 187

Rig Veda 115,119.

Rishabha 212, 215

Rites of passage 58-59, 83-84, 90-94

Rites of renewal 60, 62

Rituals 22

Rock art 79-80

Rohingya 543

Roman Catholic Church

in Africa 83-84

afterlife beliefs 463=464

branches of 485

Catholic Reformation 479

comparison of Christian traditions 457-458,464=465,471,487,488,489=4.90,491,4.92=

4.93,4.94=4.95,4.97

Declaration on Non-Christian Religions 467

designation of heretical beliefs 85

as dominant in the West 446

forced conversion to 50

Franks support of 4.72

global population 479m, 498

Great Schism and 473

modern era 481-482

purgatory and afterlife 17

version of Bible 459,461

Roman Empire, suppression of Christianity 467=468,471=472

Rosary 493

Rosh Hashanah 421

Rouhani, Hassan 534

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 480

Roy, Ram Mohan 134

Ru 274, 279., 292

Rubenstein, Richard 413

Rublev, Andrei 454

Ruether, Rosemary Radford 49.7

Rumi, Jalalludin 553,555

Russell, Charles Taze 582,585

Rutherford, Joseph Franklin 582

Saadiah ben Joseph 403

Sabbath 420,436

Sacraments 465,489=4.90

Sacred animals 106-107

Sacred places

Angkor Wat temple, Cambodia 185

Annunciation Basilica, Israel 480

Apricot Platform of Confucius, China 294

Arunachaleswar Temple (nth c.), India 141

Bodh Gaya, India 194., 199

Bodhi tree, India 194

Buddha’s birthplace, Nepal 194

Chartres cathedral, France 4.72

Darbar Sahib, India 248-249, 251, 256, 257, 262

Devils Tower, Wyoming 22

Dharna Vihara temple, India 230

Dilwara Temple, India 229

Dome of the Rock, Israel 554

Ganges River, India 106,144

Grand Shrine at Ise, Japan 332, 334, 34(2=342

Great Stupa of Sanchi, India 195

Great Sun Buddha, Japan 330

Hindu temple, Trinidad 103

Iran Shah Mosque 520

Ka‘ba, Saudi Arabia 524, 525, 527

Laozi statue, China 309.

Lotus Temple, India 604

Meoto-iwa, Japan 325

Mount Kailash, India 106

Mount Shartrunjaya, India 230

Mount Shasta, California 41-42, 55

Mount Fuji, Japan 345

Nachi Waterfall, Japan 326

Potala Palace, Tibet 181

Qufu Confucian Temple, China 307

Salt Lake Temple, Utah 577

Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Turkey 532

Taj Mahal 532, 533

Temple of Tian, China 305

Varanasi, India 144,161

Vrindavan, India 144

Wat Phrathart Doi Suthep temple, Thailand 157-158

Xuankong (Hanging) Temple, China 298

Yardenit, Israel 448

Sacred thread ceremony, in Hinduism 142-143

Sacrifice

in African religions 87

in Hinduism 142

Sadducees 398,448

Saints 494^495, 555, 581, see also Augustine, Saint; Chrysostom, John, Saint; Meera, Saint

Saitoti, Tepilit Ole 67-69

Salat 505-506, 516, 517=520

Sallekhana 228

Salvation 217-219,453,457-458, see also Liberation

Salvation Army 496

Samatha meditation 192-193

Sama Veda 119.

Sambura people, Kenya 73

Same-sex marriage 497-498

Samsara 17,103,109-110,131,166, 210, 216, 218, 245^246

Sand paintings 56, 58, 200

Sangha 161

Sangh Parivar (Family of Associations) 137

Sannyasi 116-117,149-150

Sanskrit 105,128

Santeria 85, 95

Sant Mat tradition 595

Saoshyant 358=35.9.

Saraswan, Brahmananda, Swami 589-590

Saraswati, Dayananda 134=135

Sarris, Greg 56-57

Sartre, Jean-Paul 607

Sati practice 134

Saudi Arabia

Wahhabi movement 535, see also Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Savarkar, V. D. 136

Sawm 517,521-523

Schachter-Shalomi, Zalman 394,417

Scholasticism 475

Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures (Eddy) 578

Science and religion 25-26

Scientific revolution 480-481, 572

Scientology 597=599

Second Buddhist Council 168

Second Council of Nicea (787) 473,475

Second Great Awakening 575

Second Isaiah 391

Second Vatican Council 482

Secret Doctrine, The (Blavatsky) 587

Sect, use of term 570-571

Sect Shinto 334-335

Secularization 24, 5.72=5.73

Seder 424^425,427

Sedreh 351

Sedreh Pushi 351

Seekers 571, 574, 607

Sei, Katherine 166-167

Selassie, Haile 586

Sephirot 393

Seven Bounteous Creations, in Zoroastrianism 376

Seven dimensions of religious traditions (Smart) 20

"Seventeen Articles Constitution" (Japan) 330

Seventh-day Adventists 580-581

Sexism and God-Talk (Ruether) 49.7

Shaarawi, Huda 560

Shah, Girish 224-225

Shahada 516,517, 536,555

Shaivas 124-125

Shaktas 124,125

Shakti 131

Shangdi, Lord on High 272-273, 291-292

Shangqing (Highest Clarity) sect, Daoism 291, 301

Shankara 113

Shari'a 551=552,555=558,561

Shavout 421,425,430

Shen 272

Sheng 279

Shi 292

Shi‘a 528=530,532,538=540, 53.9m, 552, 561, 602

Shikibu, Murasaki 346

Shimenawa 340, 341, 343

Shingon Buddhism 187

Shintai 341

Shinto 187, 320-349

ceremonies and ritual practices 321=322, 323, 335=341

creation and origins stories 323-328

early historical periods 329=332

environmentalism and 344=345

festivals and holidays 336,337, 341=344

gender roles and identity 345=347

imperial authority and 328

influence of Buddhism and Confucianism on 323, 324, 328, 330=331, 332, 334, 33.9, 346=

34.7

portrayed in anime and manga 335, 336

Sect Shinto 334-335

shrines 332=333, 33.9-341, 342, 343

sites in development of 322m

timeline 323

in twenty-first century 344

ultranationalism, imperialism and conflict 332-335

Shirazi, Sayyid Ali-Muhammad 602

Shirk 512

Shiva 105,124=125,130,131

Shoah 412-414, 427-428

Shonagon, Sei 346

Shotoku, Prince 187

Shruti 119-120

Shudra 115,129

Shugendo practices 304, 331

Shunya 175

Shunyata 175

Shvetambara sect, in Jainism 209, 210, 212, 223-226, 227, 228, 229.

Siddur 418

Sikh Dharma of the Western Hemisphere 262

Sikhism 236-265

belief in samsara 17

charitable causes 259-260

conflict and nationhood 251

cycles of creation/destruction cosmology 15-16

daily devotional practices 256-257

Dasam Granth 244, 262

environmentalism and 260

festivals and holidays 254

gender roles and identity 261-262

global population 251-254, 252m

historical sites 238m

life-cycle rituals 258-259

mukti (spiritual liberation) 244-247

performance traditions 14.7

Rahit 244

spread of 251-254

successors of Guru Nanak 248-249

timeline 239

twenty-first century 262

worship in the Gurdwara 257, see also Adi Granth; Guru Gobind Singh; Guru Nanak; Khalsa

Simeon the New Theologian 475

Simos, Miriam 569, 601

Sin 447,448,456=457,4è4., 4.70=4.71,4.76,483, see also Shirk

Singapore Jain Religious Society (SJRS) 222

Singh, Ganda 250

Singh, Manmahan 250, 251

Singh, Onkar 255-256

Singh, Ranjit 251

Singh, Teja25O

Singhvi, L. M. 232

Sioux 51,5.9.

Six Obligatory Duties, in Jainism 228

Six Perfections, in Buddhism 173

Skandhas 164,166

Skillful means 174-175,192

Slavery 541

Smart, Ninian 20, 21, 22, 29

Smith, Joseph 575=57.8, 585

Smriti 119-120

Social Justice in Islam (Qutb) 543

Society of Biblical Literature 28-29

Sodoma, Giovanni 4.74

Son So 29.7

Southern Paiute 45

South Korea

Confucianism in 297-298

Daoism in 304

Filial Piety Law (2016) 297

Spenta Mainyu 354, 355, 356, 357, 364., 372

Spiral Dance, The (Simos) 569

Spirit possession 82, 83, 84, 88-89

Spiritual ecology 605-607

Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu) 274.

Sri Guru Granth Sahib see Adi Granth

Sri Lanka

ethnic and religious conflict in 19.7

Theravada Buddhism in 183,184.

Stages of life, in Hinduism 116-117

Standing Rock Sioux 52-54, 61

Star of David 422

Sthanakvasi sect, in Jainism 221, 222-223, 226, 229.

Stoicism 12

Stowe, Harriet Beecher 496

Strauss, Richard 367

Stuart, Charles 133

Stupas 194-195

Sufism 533, 552=556

Sukkot 421, 422-424

Summa Theologica (Aquinas) 4.75

Sumo wrestling 338

Sun Bu’er 291

Sun Dance 32=35,51=52, 61

Sunna 515=516, 522, 538, 551

Sunni 528=530, 538=540, 539m, 544,551=552,561

Supernatural beings, in definitions of religion 13,18, 25-26

Suras 510=511,514., 551

Sutras/Suttas 170

Suzuki, D. T. 188

Sweat lodge ceremonies 59., 60-61, 62

Swedenborg, Emmanuel 594

Swiss Reformed Church 4.78

Syllabus of Errors (Pius IX) 482

Synagogue 400

System of Nature, The (d’Holbach) 607

Tafsir 515

Taiji 303, 31Q

Taiwu, Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty 301

Takarazuka Entertainment Troupe 347

Tale ofGenji, The (Murasaki Shikibu) 346

Taliban 558=559.

Tallit 435

Talmud 387,391,400-401,427,42.9.

Tama-yori-hime 327

Tanakh see Hebrew Bible

Tani, Grace 84

Tantra

in Buddhism 179,181,193

in Hinduism 131-132

Teachings 20-21

Tefillin 435

Temizuya 339

Tenchi Muyo! (anime) 335

Ten Commandments 14,16, 387=388,425,428,451,459,580-581

Tendai Buddhism 177,193

Tenochtitlan, Mexico 48-49

Ten Precepts, in Buddhism 190-191

Tenrikyo (Teaching of Heavenly Principles) 334

Teotihuacan, Mexico 48,49

Terapanthi sect, in Jainism 221, 222-223, 226, 227

Terrorism 542,545,593

Tertullian 470

Òå Ua, Kereama 54

Tezuka, Osamu 201

Thailand

Theravada Buddhism in 184-185

Theistic religions 12,14, see also indigenous religions, of sub-Saharan Africa

Theodosius 1468

Theology 5, 8

Theophany 14

Theosophical Society 587-588

Theosophy 587

Theravada Buddhism 169-170,182,186,188,190,194,196

Therigatha and Theragatha (Poems of Elder Nuns and Poems of Elder Monks) 168

Thetan 598

Thich Nhat Hanh 188,196-197,19.9

Third Buddhist Council 168-169

Thoreau, Henry David 135

Three Jewels

in Buddhism 189

in Jainism 219

Three Marks of Existence, in Buddhism 163-164

Three Poisons, in Buddhism 166

Three Refugees, in Buddhism 189

Thunderbolt Vehicle see Vajrayana Buddhism

Thus Spake Zarathustra (Nietzsche) 367

Tian 273=274, 275=277, 279-280, 281-283, 285, 292,305=306, 313

Tianming 273, 275-277, 279-280

Tianshi 300

Tiantai Buddhism 177,186,187,193

Tibet

Buddhism in 190

Vajrayana Buddhism in 179,180-181

Tibetan Book of the Dead 181, 200

Tibetan Buddhism 180-181,193, 200

Tillich, Paul 9

Timelines

Buddhism 159

Christianity 447

Confucianism 269

Daoism 269

Hinduism 102

indigenous African religions 69

indigenous Native American religions 35

Islam 507

Jainism 209

Judaism 385

new religious movements 574.

Shinto 323

Sikhism 239

Zoroastrianism 353

Tipis 43,59

Tipitaka see Pali Canon (Tipitaka)

Tirthankaras 210, 212-213, 216, 219, 220, 230, 231

Tisha B’Av 427

Tlaib, Rashaida 545

Torah 383,387=388,390,39.7-398,401,412,419,422,425,428,430,433,435=436,451,

513

Torii 339

Transcendence 385

Transcendental Meditation (TM) 126,138,589-590

Transcendent states 18

Transtheistic religions 12, 218, see also Jainism

Transubstantiation 475,478

Trickster 40

Trikaya 170-172

Trinity 447,455=456,470,582

Tripp, Bill 43=44

Tseng, Jason Ch’ui-hsiao 306

Tsubaki Grand Shrine of America 344

Tu B’Shevat 427

Tulkus 181

Tulsidas 132

Turbans 258

Turkey

Justice and Development Party 533

Sufism in 533

Twelvers, in Shi'ism 539-540

Twenty-first century religion

Buddhism 201, 5.91, 592

Chinese religions 313

Christianity 498

Confucianism 313

Daoism 313

Hinduism 150, 592

indigenous African 95

indigenous Native American 61

Islam 542=543, 563

Jainism 232

Judaism 436-437

Shinto 344

Sikhism 262

Zoroastrianism 377

Twitchell, Paul 594=595

2001: A Space Odyssey (film) 367

Two Spirit people 57

Tzevi, Shabbetai 406

UFO cults see Raelian movement

Ufology 595=59.7

Uighurs 543

Ultimate reality questions 12-16

‘Umar 529

Umayyad Dynasty 530, 553

Umma 520, 530, 536

Under the Lemon Trees (Backhaus) 253

Unification Church 584=585

Unitarian Universalist Association 604-605

United Kingdom

Act of Supremacy (1534) 47.8

Balfour Declaration 414=415

colonialism in India 133=135, 251

Natural Law Party 590

repeal of Witchcraft Act 600

Sikhism in 252, 253, 254

Zoroastrianism in 376

United States

American Indian Religious Freedom Act (1978) 52

Buddhism in 187-188

Christianity in 484

Civilization Fund Act (1819) 50

First Amendment 52

Hindus in 138

Islam in 522=523,540=542,544=546, 561

Jainism in 232

Judaism in 409-410,417-418,436=437

repeal of Asian Exclusion Act 572

Shinto in 344

Sikhism in 253, 262

Unity School of Christianity 580

Universalist Church of America 604

Universalist religious thought 602-607

Untouchables

in India 115,136

in Japan 326

Upanishads 105,108,113,119-120,129=130,133=134,142, 220

Urban II, Pope 474

Urbanization 23

‘Uthman 529

Vahiguru 240, 245

Vaishnavas 124,142,147,245

Vaishya 115,129,142-143

Vajrayana Buddhism 179-183,187,190,194., 195,196 Vardhamana, Nataputta see Mahavira

Vardhamanacharita (Asaga) 210

Varna (color/caste) 114-115

Varnashrama dharma 114-117,148

Varuna 119

Vedanta 112-114

Vedanta Society of New York 135

Vedas 103,109,113,119,129,133=134,360

Vegetarianism 117, 213, 221, 224=225, 231, 257, 581, 586 Venkatesan, Jayashree 118

Vesak holiday, in Buddhism 156-158,196

Vietnam

Caodai (High Power) movement 304

Mahayana Buddhism in 185

Tendai Buddhism in 177

Vinaya (Pali Canon texts) 189,190,191,198 Vindication of the Hindoos (Stuart) 133 Violence, religiously motivated 19

Vipassana meditation 192-193

Vishishta-Advaita Vedanta 113

Vishnu 105,106,107,113-114,122,124,130,142, 212, 245 Vishwa Hindu Parishad (World Hindu Council) 137 Vision quests 59-60

Vivekananda, Swami 134,135,587

Vodou/voodoo 85,95

Voices interviews

Avigayil Halpern 423

Brian Melendez 45=47

Dola K. 546=548

Festus Ogunbitan 74

Girish Shah 224-225

Jason Ch’ui-hsiao Tseng 306

Jayashree Venkatesan 118

Katherine Sei 166-167

Minoru Watanabe 328-329.

Onkar Singh 255=256

Rustom Ghadiali 369=370

Sammy Letoole 73=74

Tasiima S. 546-548

Teme Μ. and Father Art 458-459

Xinyu David Zhang 592

Voltaire 366, 480

Vorilhon, Claude “Rael” 596=597

Vratas 14.9.

Wadud, Amina 520

Wahhabi movement 535

Waidan 290

Wallis, Roy 573=574, 6Q7

Wang Yangming 295

Wang Zhe 301-302

Waskow, Arthur 419

Watanabe, Minoru 328=32.9.

Watchtower, The (magazine) 582

Way of life 22

Wei Huacun 291

Weld, Theodore 496

Western Rule of Benedict of Nursia 474

Wheel of life 17

White, Ellen 580=581

White Mountain Apache 42, 50

Wicca 89., 568-570,599-601

Wiccan Rede 600

Wildfires, indigenous solutions 43=44

Witchcraft 89=90

Witchcraft Today (Gardner) 600

Witch Cult in Western Europe, The (Murray) 600 Witches’ League for Public Awareness 601 Women

in African religions 84, 89, 93

in Buddhism 166-167,168,190,192,197=198

in Christianity 24,449,4.75,497

in Confucianism 283

in Daoism 290-291

in Hinduism 148-149

in Islam 5Q5=5Q6, 519, 520,521,534, 544, 558=560 in Jainism 212, 223, 225, 226, 229

in Judaism 383=384,411,417=419,423,429=430 in Shinto 327, 334,345=34fi

in Sikhism 258, 261-262

in Zoroastrianism 368, 375=376

World Council of Churches (1948) 466

World religions, study of 3=31 academic inquiry 5, 8-10 approaches to 4=5, 26-29 definitions of religion 8-10 dimensions of religions 20 functionalist explanations 10-11 gender issues in 24-25 historical development 21 human nature and behavior 16 majority religions by country 6-71Ï modernization and 22-24 purpose of religious life 16-19

religiously motivated violence 19.

science and secularization 25-26

teachings 20-21

ultimate reality questions 12-16

way of life 22

World Renewal Ceremonial Cycle 60

Worlds of a Maasai Warrior, The (Saitoti) 67-69

World’s Parliament of Religions, Chicago (1893) 135,187-188, 222, 571=572,587

World’s Parliament of Religions, Chicago (1993) 572

World Vision 496

Worldwide Church of God 581

World Wildlife Fund Network on Conservation and Religion 232

Wounded Knee massacre, South Dakota 51

Wovoka 51,52

Wuwei 286

Wuxing 271, 289

Wu Zetian, empress 186

Xian 289

Xiantian Dao (Way of Prior Heaven) 304

Xiao 278, 307

Xinzhai 287

Xun Qing (Master Xun) 293-294

Xunzi 293-294

Yajur Veda 119

Yang 271-272, 283, 312

Yansheng 289-290

Yansi 91

Yasna 352, 371

Yazatas 356, 359

Yellow Turbans movement 300

YHWH 395, 396,.401,.405

Yijing see Book of Changes (Yijincf

Yin 271-272, 283, 312

Yin-yang 3=4, 271-272, 309.

Yoga 114.

Yoga Sutras (Patanjali) 114

Yogi Bhajan 262

Yogic flying 590

Yom HaShoah 427-428

Yom Kippur 421-422

Yoruba 75, 84, 85, 87-88,92,94=95,.96

Young, Brigham 576, 578

Yuanshi tianzun (Celestial Venerable of Primordial Beginning) 290

Yurok 42

ZAGNY (Zoroastrian Association of Greater New York) 368

Zakat 517,521

Zapotec 48

Zarathushtra 351=352, 353,360=361,366=367,3.77

Zar spirits 82, 88-89

Zealots 39.9,448

Zen Buddhism 16-17,178-179,187,188,193

Zen Peacemakers 196-197

Zerby, Karen 583

Zhai309

Zhang, Xinyu David 592

Zhang Ling 300

Zhang Zai 283

Zhuan Falun (Li) 591

Zhuang Zhou see Zhuangzi “Master Zhuang”

Zhuangzi 284-285, 286-288, 289, 300, 302

Zhuangzi “Master Zhuang” 284, 286

Zhu Xi 281, 295, 298,307

Zionism 390, 410, 412, 414-416, 420, 437

Zion’s Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society see Jehovah’s Witnesses

Ziran 286

Zohar 405-406

Zoroastrianism 245, 350-381

creation and origins stories 356-358

divine realm 355=356

dualism, human nature and destiny 358-359 environmentalism and 376, 378

gender roles and identity 375=376

global population 376m

historical development 359=360, 362-367

holy days and rites of passage 371-373

life of Zarathustra 360-361

monotheism and dualism 353=355, 357

Pahlavi texts 362

ritual practices 367-368, 370-371

shared aspects with Judaism/Christianity 364

shared aspects with Manichaeism 364=365

shared aspects with Mithraism 365

sites in development of 352m

social and ethical responsibilities of community 374=375

temples 370=371,373

timeline 353

in twenty-first century 377, see also Avesta

Zuni 38=3.9., 49, 62

Zuowang 287

Zurvan 363

Zurvanite Zoroastrianism 363

Zu Shu 291

Zwingli, Ulrich 4.78