Credits

Jeffrey Brodd

California State University, Sacramento

Layne Little

University of California, Davis

Bradley Nystrom

California State University, Sacramento

Robert Platzner

California State University, Sacramento

Richard Shek

California State University, Sacramento

Erin Stiles

University of Nevada, Reno

pp.

jk5: ERIC LAFFORGUE/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 11: Shutterstock.com/Hung Chung Chih

p. 13: © Ancient Art & Architecture Collection Ltd/Alamy

p. 14: © Shutterstock.com/AHMAD FAIZAL YAHYA

p. 17: Triptych of the Creation, Adam and Eve, Creation of Eve, Expulsion from Paradise (oil on panel) (see also 346195,346197), German School, (16th century)/Museo de San Carlos, Mexico/Bridgeman Images

p. 19: Moses & the burning bush, 1990 (charcoal & pastel on paper), Feibusch, Hans (1898-1998)/Private Collection/© The Estate of Hans Feibusch/Bridgeman Images

p. 21: Meditating Buddha, Davaravati Period (stone), Thai School/Wat Phra Mahathat, Chaiya, Thailand/Photo © Luca Tettoni/Bridgeman Images

p. 22: © iStockphoto.com/Mike Norton

p. 23: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 25: Photo by Werner Forman/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

pp. 32-33:1910 by Edward S. Curtis © 2006-2008 www.old-picture.com

Pi-3.9.: Popol Vuh Museum, Fransisco Marroquin University, Guatemala

IL_4i: © Shutterstock.com/perlphoto

IL-43: © iStockphoto.com/ericfoltz

Ei.44.· © Shutterstock.com/Namurt

Pi.45^: © Calvin Hobson www.calvinhobson.com

E±-51^: © iStockphoto.com/PacoRomero

Ei.52: National Anthopological Archives, Smithsonian Institution [1659-A]

Pi-53: © Eddie Lyubchenko/Alamy Stock Photo

Ei.54., left: © Rob Brumm

IL.54, right: © Rob Brumm

IL-58: © Danny Lehman/Corbis Documentary/ Getty Images

Ei-59., top: bpk, Berlin/Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen/Art Resource, NY

p^59, middle: © Shutterstock.com/Jeffrey Μ.

lL-59> bottom: © iStockphoto.com/ewg3D

p. 60 Werner Forman/Art Resource, NY

pp. 66-67: © Shutterstock.com/Steffen Foerster

Ei.73: Photo courtesy of Sammy Letoole

Ei_74; Photo courtesy of Festus Ogunbitan

PJZ6: E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Morton, Chris. “Nuer homestead” Southern Sudan

Project (in development). 03 Jan. 2006. Pitt Rivers Museum. 1998.355.143.2 Copyright Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford

p. 85: Photo courtesy of Brian Brazeal

p. 87, top: Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY

p. 87. middle: Yale University Art Galleiy/Art Resource, NY

p. 87. bottom: Werner Forman/Art Resource, NY

p. 88: SSPL/Science Museum/Art Resource, NY

p. 89: Photo courtesy of Brian Brazeal

Ei_9i: © iStockphoto.com/guenterguni

Ei_92: © Shutterstock.com/Villiers Steyn

ILJ94^: © iStockphoto.com/handed

pp. loo-ioi: Nikreates/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 103: Royal Geographical Society (with IBG)

p. 106: Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY

p. 107: AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh

p. 110: © Shutterstock.com/O’SHI

p. 114: imageBROKER/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 115: Hemis.fr/Hemis.fr

p. 118: Photo courtesy of Jayashree Venkatesan

p. 121: © Shutterstock.com/CHEN WS

p. 122: Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY

p. 123: Nordicphotos/Alamy

p. 125: Science History Images/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 126: Image courtesy of Layne Little

p. 127: Wikimedia Commons,

http://c0mm0ns.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/File:Shiva Pashupati.jpg

p. 128: Borromeo/Art Resource, NY

p. 129: © Shutterstock.com/neelsky

p. 134: AP Photo/Frank Polich

p. 138: Marcus Brierley/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 139, top: © iStockphoto.com/ VikramRaghuvanshi

p. 139, 2nd from top: © Shutterstock.com/wong yu liang

p. 139, middle: © Shutterstock.com/AJP

p. 139, 2nd from bottom: © Shutterstock.com/ Dhoxax

p. 139, bottom: © Shutterstock.com/Snowbelle

p.

p. 141, right: © Shutterstock.com/Aleksandar Todorovic

p. 147, top: Philippe Michel/age footstock

p. 147, bottom: ZUMA Press, Inc./Alamy Stock Photo

ðð. 156-157: ©Tortoon/Shutterstockcom

ð. ³6î: Steve Vidler/Steve Vidier

p. 161: Steve Vidler/Steve Vidier

p. 162: Robert Harding Picture Library/Robert Harding Picture Library

p. 167: Photo courtesy of Katherine Sei

p. 169: Melvyn Longhurst/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 173, left: © DeA Picture Library/Art Resource, NY

p. 173, right: Robert Harding Picture Library/Robert Harding Picture Library

p. 174: © Li Ziheng/Xinhua Press/Corbis

p. 176: © British Library Board/Robana/Art Resource, NY

p. 178: donjon red/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 180: Craig Lovell/Eagle Visions Photography/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 181: colin chalkley/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 185, top: Image courtesy of Jeffrey Brodd

p. 185, bottom: © iStockphoto.com/MiklGusev

p. 186: © iStockphoto.com/MasterLu

p. 187: © The Trustees of the British Museum

p. 190: © iStockphoto.com/ijstamper

p. 191: Photo courtesy of Kent Lacin

p. 192: Photo courtesy of Pema Chodron

p. 193: © Shutterstock.com/Sura Nualpradid

p. 194: ©Radiokafka/Shutterstock.com

p. 195: Scala/Art Resource, NY

p. 196: AP Photo/Jerome Favre

p. 197: Arthur Greenberg/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 199, top: Some rights reserved by Abhisit Vejjajiva

p. 199, bottom: © Shutterstock.com/Luciano Mortula

p. 200, top: © Shutterstock.com/Radu Razvan

p. 200, 2nd from top: © Shutterstock.com/Hung Chung Chih

p. 200, middle: © Shutterstock.com/Hung Chung Chih p. 200, 2nd from bottom: © Shutterstock.com/worradirek

p. 200, bottom: © Shutterstock.com/BESTWEB

pp. 206-207: Stock Connection RM | Publitek, Inc. Dba Fotosearch

p. 211: © Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd/Alamy

p. 212: Parsvanatha, sandstone/National Museum of India, New Delhi, India/Bridgeman Images

p. 222: Rachel Cauvin/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 223: Photo by Soltan Frederic/Sygma via Getty Images

p.

p. 226, middle: Peter Horree/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 226, bottom: Photo courtesy of Jeffrey Brodd

p. 227: Photo by Soltan Frederic/Sygma via Getty Images

p. 229: © Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd/Alamy

p. 230: Photo courtesy of Jeffrey Brodd

pp. 236-237: Amrit ceremony (photo), © World Religions Photo Library/Bridgeman Images

p. 240: © Christine Osborne/CORBIS

p. 243: © David Gee 2/Alamy

p. 247: © CHRIS WATHE/Reuters/Corbis

p. 249: © Jon Arnold Images Ltd/Alamy

p. 250: Photo by Ravi Kumar/Hindustan Times via Getty Images

p. 253: Richard Levine/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 254: Saqib Majeed/SOPA Images/ZUMA Wire/Alamy Live News

p. 255: Photo courtesy of Onkar Singh

p. 256, 2nd from top: © Art Directors & TRIP/Alamy

p. 256, 2nd from bottom: Dmitry Rukhlenko - Travel Photos/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 257. Photo courtesy of Jeffrey Brodd

pp. 266-267: Billy Hustace/Getty Images

p. 271: © Shutterstock.com/Svitlana Amelina

p. 284: Foto Marburg/Art Resource, NY

p. 288: © British Library Board/Robana/Art Resource, NY

p. 289: © Shutterstock.com/L.F

p. 290: © Shutterstock.com/saravuth Sawasdee

p. 291: HIP/Art Resource, NY

p. 292: © Shutterstock.com/Jun Mu

p. 293: © Shutterstock.com/Roman Sigaev

p. 294: Photo courtesy of Richard Shek

p. 297: © Sanga Park/Shutterstock.com

p. 298: © flocu/Shutterstock

p. 302: Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY

IL.3Q3, top: PJ-Images/Alamy Stock Photo

Ri_3Q3, bottom: Carlo Bollo/Alamy Stock Photo

P1-3Q4; Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY

P1-3Q5, left: © Shutterstock.com/Lukas Hlavac

P^3Q5, right: © Vanni Archive/ Art Resource, NY

p. 306: Photo courtesy of Jason Ch’ui-hsiao Tseng

Pi_3Q7: Photo courtesy of Richard Shek

p. 308: © Shutterstock.com/Luisa Fernanda Gonzalez

Ri.3Q9., top: TAO Images/TAO Images

R1.3Q.9., second from top: © Shutterstock.com/ Photosani

R1.3Q9., second from bottom: Blue Jean Images/Blue Jean Images

Pi_3Q9., bottom: © Shutterstock.com/bbbar

p.

p. 310. bottom: © iStockphoto.com/Tarzan928o

IL-311: © iStockphoto.com/Tarzan928o

pp. 320-321: Robert Harding Picture Library/Robert Harding Picture Library

^325: Arika Kaede/Getty Images

p. 326: Lucas Vallecillos/Alamy Stock Photo

IL-327: © BnF, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY

JL_329_: Daderot, Wikimedia Commons,

http://c0mm0ns.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/File:Itsukushima Shinto Shrine - DSC01939.jpg jx_33Q: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo

Pj-333^: Xinhua/Alamy Stock Photo

Pi.336, left: Stephen Chung/Alamy Stock Photo

Pi.336, right: Ken Howard/Alamy Stock Photo

jx.338: imageBROKER/imageBROKER

Pi-33.9.· Geoffrey Morgan/Alamy Stock Photo

Pi_34O: © Shutterstock.com/Kobby Dagan

Pi.341j top: © iStockphoto.com/kyoshino

Pj.341, bottom: © iStockphoto.com/gaffera

Pi_342, top: Photo courtesy of Richard Shek

Pi.342, bottom: John Steele/Alamy Stock Photo

Pi-343, top: Shutterstock.com/Snowbelle

Pi-343, 2nd from top: World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photo

Pi-343, 2nd from bottom: © iStockphoto.com/kyoshino

Pi-343, bottom: © iStockphoto.com/Strauski

P^345: Hideo Kurihara/Alamy Stock Photo

Pi-346: Alex Hunter/Alamy Stock Photo

pp. 350-351: Photo by Natasha Hemrajani/Hindustan Times via Getty Images

Pi-357: © Shutterstock.com/Vladimir Melnik

P^363: © Alireza FIROUZI/Alamy

Pi.305: © World History Archive/Alamy

Pi_366: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY

p. 368: David Grossman/Alamy Stock Photo

Pi-369.: Photo courtesy of Erwad Rustom

Pi.371: Ron Bull/Getty Images

Pi-373, top: © PRISMA ARCHIVO/Alamy

jx.373, middle: © iStockphoto.com/vbel71

Pi-373, bottom: © Shutterstock.com/Matyas Rehak

P«-3.74.: © Shutterstock.com/Massimiliano Lamagna

P^376: © Gregory Wrona/Alamy

pp. 382-383: © iStockphoto.com/edelmar

Pj-3.9.9.: © Shutterstock.com/Boris Diakovsky

p. 400: © Shutterstock.com/Daniel M. Silva

Pi-407: © Shutterstock.com/paul Prescott

Ri.413: © Shutterstock.com/Robert Hoetink

Pi-415: © Shutterstock.com/Arkady Mazor

Pj.416: Photo by Peter Tumley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images

p.

Pj_421: © Shutterstock.com/Howard Sandler

p. 422, top: © Shutterstock.com/Richard Bum

p. 422, 2nd from top: © Shutterstock.com/blueeyes

p. 422, 2nd from bottom: © Shutterstock.com/diligent

p. 422, bottom: © Shutterstock.com/granata1111

1x423: Photo courtesy of Robert Platzner

Pi-424; © Shutterstock.com/Howard Sandler

Pi_427: © Shutterstock.com/Beth Shepherd Peters

p. 428: © Shutterstock.com/Noam Armonn

Pi_429.: © Shutterstock.com/Lisa F. Young

Pi_43i: © iStockphoto.com/joyride

Pi_435: © Shutterstock.com/Howard Sandler

PPi_445=445: © 68/Ocean/Corbis

Pi_448: © Shutterstock.com/ChameleonsEye

P^-454; Anatoly Sapronenkov/Anatoly Sapronenkov

Pi_456: Adam and Eve banished from Paradise, c.1427 (fresco) (pre-restoration) (see also 200134 & 30029), Masaccio, Tommaso (i40i-28)/Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine Florence, Italy/Bridgeman Images

Pi_459., top: Photo courtesy of Father Art

Pi_459., bottom: Photo courtesy of Terrie M.

Pi_467: ©Bill Peny/Shutterstock.com

P^TZ: Andrew Ward/Life File

IL_4Z4^: © Sonia Halliday Photo Library/Alamy

Ri_4.75^: © Shutterstock.com/Valery Sidelnykov

IL.476: Imagno/Getty Images

IU4ZS: SuperStock/SuperStock

p. 480, left: Godong/Getty Images

p. 480, right: West African/Getty Images

p. 481: DeAgostini/DeAgostini

p. 482: Courtesy of the Vatican Museum

Pj_483: © imageBROKER/Alamy

p^_486: JOHN WESSELS/AFP/Getty Images

Pi-487, top: Stephanie Dalton Cowan/Getty Images

1x487, 2nd from top: © David Robertson/Alamy

JL487, 2nd from bottom: © Bill Heinsohn/Alamy

Pi_487, bottom: ©Macduff Everton

p. 488, top: imageBROKER/imageBROKER

p. 488, 2nd from top: © Shutterstock.com/robodread

p. 488, 2nd from bottom: © Ancient Art & Architecture Collection Ltd/Alamy

p. 488, bottom: Robert Harding Picture Library/Robert Harding Picture Library

Pi-4.90, top: © kpzfoto/Alamy

Pi-490, bottom: © M.T.M. Images/Alamy

p^4.91, top: Rob Melnychuk/Getty Images

IL4.91, bottom: Robert Harding Picture Library/Robert Harding Picture Library

Pi_492: © A_Lesik/Shutterstock.com

Pi-494.: © ReligiousStock/Alamy

PPi.504-505: © Shutterstock.com/AHMAD FAIZAL YAHYA

Pi_51Q: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY

Pi.518: Photo courtesy of Erin Stiles

p. 520, left: © iStockphoto.com/tunart

p. 520, right: Photo courtesy of Erin Stiles

p. 522: © iStockphoto.com/fiinky-data

12^523: © iStockphoto.com/afby71

Pj-532: © Shutterstock.com/Waj

Pi.533: © iStockphoto.com/xavierarnau

Pi_54O: © iStockphoto.com/EdStock

Pi.541: © iStockphoto.com/AvailableLight

Pi-545: Jim West/Alamy Stock Photo

Pi.546: Photo courtesy of Erin Stiles

Pi.551: Photo courtesy of Erin Stiles

Pi.552: Photo courtesy of Erin Stiles

Pi.554.: Photo courtesy of Erin Stiles

Pi.555, top: © Shutterstock.com/mehmetcan

Pi-555, bottom: Photo courtesy of Dr. Robert T. Rozhenal

Pi.55?: © Shutterstock.com/Juriah Mosin

Pi-55.9., top: © Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock

P^55.9., bottom: © iStockphoto.com/jcarillet

p. 561, top: © Shutterstock.com/Zurijeta

p. 561, 2nd from top: © iStockphoto.com/onfilm

p. 561, 2nd from bottom: © iStockphoto.com/MuMuV

p. 561, bottom: © iStockphoto.com/afby71

pp. 568-569: © Shutterstock.com/Mark Hayes

Pi.576: Courtesy of the Library of Congress

Pi-577: © Shutterstock.com/vhrinchenko

Pi.578: Photo: Paul Moncur

Pi-579.: Hulton Archive/Getty Images

Pi-584: Allan Tannenbaum/Getty Images

Pi-585: © iStockphoto.com/peeterv

Pi.587: Chronicle/Almay Stock Photo

p. 588: © Shutterstock.com/Grigory Kubatyan

Pi-5.91: ©a katz/Shutterstock.com

EL592: Photo courtesy of Xinyu David Zhang

IL.593, top: Chuck Nacke/Alamy Stock Photo

Bi-5.93, bottom: Aflo Co. Ltd./Alamy Stock Photo

Bi.5az: Getty Images

Pi.5.9.9.: © Alex Segre/Alamy

p. 604: © Shutterstock.com/Steve Adamson

p. 607: © Sandro Vannini/CORBIS