It was with “great wonderment” that Peter I learned of “the deed of the new Judas, Mazepa, who, after twenty-one years of loyalty to me and with one foot already in the grave, has turned traitor and betrayer of his own people.

” With the shock came uncertainty. What was the extent of the uprising? How would the Ukrainian masses react? But Mazepa was also uncertain of his support. Only the heneralna Starshyna knew of the conspiracy. The rest of the Starshyna and the Cossacks were completely uninitiated. One thing was clear: during the coming months, the attitude of the Ukrainian population could be decisive in the approaching confrontation between the Russians and the Swedes.

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Source: Subtelny O.. The Mazepists. Ukrainian Separatism in the Early Eighteenth Century. New York : East European monographs : Distributed by Columbia University Press,1981. — 280 p.. 1981

It was with “great wonderment” that Peter I learned of “the deed of the new Judas, Mazepa, who, after twenty-one years of loyalty to me and with one foot already in the grave, has turned traitor and betrayer of his own people.

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