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CONCLUSION

Previous studies estimated that only 0.00001 to 0.01% of HIV-1 virions are infectious in vitro and in vivo. Thus, apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells may contribute to HIV-1 pathogenicity in vivo.

The ability of HIV-1 to induce bystander apoptosis is influenced by several viral and nonviral factors, including activation of APCs and T lymphocytes, and the production of soluble viral factors and cytotoxic cellular factors. Thus, APCs play a pivotal role in the regulation of bystander cell apoptosis following HIV infection. In addition to highly active antiretroviral regimens, new therapeutic approaches that target APCs could result in increased resistance to apoptosis in uninfected T lymphocytes and favor the depletion of productively infected T lymphocytes. This could ultimately enhance immune restoration and limit the formation of viral reservoirs in HIV-infected patients.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Dominique Thomasset and Aurelie Vacheret for technical and secretarial assistance.

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Source: Badley A.D. (ed.). Cell Death During HIV Infection. Taylor & Francis,2006. — 511 p.. 2006
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